Nutrition (lesson one)

Question 1

how do we obtain raw materials?

Answer 1

We obtain all the raw materials for the growth and maintenance of our body from nutrients in our food

Question 2

what is a nutrient?

Answer 2

A nutrient is a chemical that an organism needs in order to grow, build, and repair tissues and produce energy

Question 3

what are nutrients broken down to?

Answer 3

Nutrients are usually broken down into simpler molecules and are used to build and replace cells

Question 4

what else do nutrients also provide?

Answer 4

-Nutrients also provide the energy that fuels all of our biological processes.
- Cells in the body use chemical energy to fuel their activities
-

Question 5

Types of Nutrients

Answer 5

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Vitamins and Minerals
• Lipids

Question 6

what are Carbohydrates

Answer 6

• Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in the human body
• ## These molecules are made up mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 7

What are the 3 main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 8

Monosaccharides

Answer 8

are ring-shaped structures consisting of a single sugar molecule

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

are made of 2 simple sugar rings joined together

Question 10

Polysaccharides

Answer 10

are made of many simple sugar rings joined together to make large complex chains

Question 11

Carbohydrates in Your Diet

Answer 11

It is recommended that 55% of a healthy diet should get energy from carbs
- This includes sources like grains, fruits, and veggies
- These sources provide us with cellulose, which we cannot digest, but is a source of important fibre

Question 12

Storing Carbohydrates

Answer 12

complex carbohydrates first must be broken down into simple sugars before the body can use them or store them in the liver or muscle tissue at glycogen.

Question 13

what is glycogen?

Answer 13

When energy is needed the glycogen can be converted back into glucose for energy

Question 14

what happens if carbohydrates can’t be stored as glycogen?

Answer 14

excess carbohydrates that can’t be stored as glycogen will be converted into lipids and stored as body fat

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Proteins are the key building blocks of the cell
- they’re important structural molecules that are involved in important biological processes

Question 16

what are the most complex nutrients?

Answer 16

Proteins are the most complex nutrients made up of long chains of amino acids

Question 17

how many amino acids are in proteins?

Answer 17

There are 20 types of amino acids that make up all proteins
- 12 of the amino acids your body can produce
- 8 amino acids, which are called essential amino acids, you must get from your food

Question 18

Protein in Your Diet

Answer 18

sources of protein can be found in plants or animals; like meat, eggs, fish, cheese, lentils
- It is recommended that 10-20% of your energy intake comes from protein

Question 19

protein in plants

Answer 19

Plants have less concentrated protein and may be lacking in some essential amino acids so those who do not consume animal protein should make sure their diet is meeting their protein needs

Question 20

Vitamins

Answer 20

A vitamin is a compound that an organism needs as a nutrient only in a small amount
- Can be either fat (A,D,E,K) or water-soluble (B,C)
- These vitamins can be obtained from our food or produced in our body

Question 21

Minerals

Answer 21

Minerals are naturally occurring elements that the body uses to carry out metabolic processes and to build/repair tissues

Question 22

Lipids

Answer 22

Lipids provide a very concentrated source of chemical energy to the body

Question 23

what do lipids help with?

Answer 23

• They help in the absorption of vitamins,
• are a main component in cell membranes,
• serve as insulation,
• and may act as hormones
• example of lipids is fat and oils

Question 24

Types of Lipids

Answer 24

• These molecules are made up of triglycerides
• They can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 25

Unsaturated lipids

Answer 25

-Unsaturated lipids are the “good fats”
- and are liquid at room temperature
- and have room for hydrogen to bond

Question 26

saturated lipids

Answer 26

-Saturated lipids are the “bad fats”
- are solid at room temperature
- and have no room for hydrogen to bond

Question 27

Lipids in Your Diet

Answer 27

• There are also essential fatty acids like Omega-3
• fatty acids which can be obtained from foods like oily fish, nuts, seeds, etc.
• Lipids should not make up for than 30% of your energy intake

Question 28

what happens if you have too much lipid intake

Answer 28

Too much lipid intake can lead to serious health impacts like heart disease and obesity