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NUTCORE > NUTRITION IN THE LIFECYCLE > Flashcards

NUTRITION IN THE LIFECYCLE Flashcards

1
Q

What is important in preconception nutrition for women?

A
  • Caffeine and alcohol have negative impact

- Low or high levels of body fat may disrupt actions of leptin

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2
Q

What is important in preconception nutrition for men?

A
  • Obesity reduces androgen (steroid hormone that regulates male characteristics) synthesis and transport
  • Caffeine and alcohol have negative effects
  • Zinc and selenium are important in sperm quality
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3
Q

When is preconception?

A

3 months prior to conception

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4
Q

When is periconception?

A

2-3 months prior to conception and 2-3 months after conception

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5
Q

Describe the 40 weeks of gestation in terms of trimesters.

A

1st Trimester: 0-12 weeks
2nd Trimester: 13-26 weeks
3rd Trimester: 27-40 weeks

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6
Q

When is the blastogenic stage of foetal growth and what is involved in this stage?

A
  • first 2 weeks
  • cell differentiation
  • foetus and placenta is formed
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7
Q

When is the embryonic stage of foetal growth and what is involved in this stage?

A
  • 3-8 weeks

- organ development

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8
Q

When is the foetal stage of foetal growth and what is involved in this stage?

A
  • weeks 9 until delivery

- growth of foetus

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9
Q

List 5 physiological changes that occur during pregnancy.

A
  • Changes in body composition- increased fat for lactation and additional vitamin synthesis
  • Water reabsorption increases- for higher blood volume and amniotic fluid
  • Heart rate, Stroke volume and cardiac output increases- compensates for increased exchange of nutrients
  • Increased lipid levels
  • Respiratory changes- for increased exchange of nutrients
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10
Q

What is the source of hormones in pregnancy?

A

-the placenta releases steroid hormones

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11
Q

What is the role of leptin?

A
  • regulation of appetite
  • regulation of lipid metabolism
  • regulation of weight gain
  • use of fat stores
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12
Q

What is the role of estrogen in pregnancy?

A
  • increases during pregnancy
  • lipid synthesis and transportation
  • protein synthesis
  • increases interurine blood flow
  • breast duct development
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13
Q

What is the role of progesterone in pregnancy?

A
  • increases in early pregnancy
  • stimulates growth of endometrium
  • breast duct developement
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14
Q

Why is food safety important in pregnancy?

A

-more susceptible to foodborne infections

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15
Q

What food safety measure should be considered when consuming fish during pregnancy?

A
  • consume low mercury fish such as salmon

- mercury in fish oil is a neurotoxin which damages brain development

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16
Q

What food safety measure should be considered when consuming cheese during pregnancy?

A

-avoid mould ripened cheese and soft blue-veined cheese

17
Q

Describe the hormones that are important in lactation.

A

Prolactin: suckling stimulates prolactin secretion which stimulates milk production
Oxytocin: suckling stimulates oxytocin secretion responsible for the ejection of milk

18
Q

Discuss the 3 kinds of milk produced through the course of lactation.

A
  1. ) Colostrum:
    - immature milk produced during first 2-3 days
    - promotes gut maturation of infant
    - low lactose and fat content
    - high in protein, IgA and lactoferrin and vitamin A
  2. ) Transitional Milk:
    - produced between 3-7 days
    - has a lower content of protein and sodium
  3. ) Mature Milk:
    - Produced after 14 days
    - Highest in calories
19
Q

Discuss the types of milks released in feeds.

A

1st: Foremilk-
- less energy dense
- more watery to meet infants thirst

2nd: Hindmilk-
- provides more energy
- more nutrient dense

20
Q

List 3 benefits of breastfeeding for the infant.

A
  • Provides immunoprotective factors
  • Human milk maintains nutrient content even if mother is poorly nourished
  • Guarantees nutrient availability for infant
21
Q

List 5 benefits of breastfeeding for the mother.

A
  • Cheaper
  • Bonding with baby
  • Natural form of contraception
  • Reduced risk of ovarian and breast cancer
  • Faster return to pre-pregnancy weight gain
22
Q

What are the components of cow’s milk in relation to infant formula?

A
  • low in iron, vitamin C and E and essential fatty acids
  • high in N, Ca, P, Na, K, Cl
  • whey protein and veg oils are added to meet protein and fat content requirements
  • non-haem iron is added
23
Q

What nutrients should an infant diet be high in?

A
  • fat
  • energy
  • zinc and iron
  • vitamin D supplement
24
Q

What nutrients should an infant diet be low in?

A
  • sugar

- salt

NUTCORE (6 decks)

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