nutrition in the life cycle

Question 1

explain the stage of infancy

Answer 1

infancy is the period of growth from birth to the end of the first year of life.

WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a baby’s life because it supplies the baby with all the nutrients it requires with the added benefit of providing the infant with antibodies.

infants should be introduced to solid foods between 4 and 6 months.

Question 2

explain the diet of an infant after breastfeeding

Answer 2

the baby may require extra iron and vitamins C and D to be incorporated into their diet, to ensure they meet daily requirements.

added salt or sugar should not be introduced to the infant’s duet. The babies tastes buds are very sensitive and do not require the additives. Flavours that are introduced can influence choices throughout life.

Question 3

explain the childhood phase

Answer 3

childhood occurs between the ages of 1 to 12. During this time children experience significant cognitive and socio emotional changes. Positive interactions with parents, playtime and singing all assists with their development.

Healthy food and nutrition play and important role in the development of intellectual, social and emotional skills.

Question 4

explain the adolescence phase

Answer 4

the adolescence phase occurs between 13 and 17 years.

Puberty: rapid growth and development of a child into a sexually mature adult. this period of rapid growth, second to infancy requires increased energy and nutrients/

Growth spurt: muscles grow, bones increase in length to their final adult size all of which require extra protein, iron and calcium.

Question 5

explain the adulthood phase

Answer 5

occurs between 18 to 65 years, a long stage of life subject to frequent changes. Good health and diet is required at this time.

• growth is complete and body systems have matured, late thirties and early forties physical functioning can start to decline. Wounds take longer to heal, eyesight deteriorates, joints ache, grey hairs and wrinkles can begin to appear.

Question 6

explain the elderly phase

Answer 6

occurs at the ages of 65+, highest risk of malnutrition occurs at this stage. muscle mass and bone density decrease. reduction in BMR can cause the appetite to decrease, making it difficult to maintain a balanced diet.

Question 7

pregnancy and lactation

Answer 7

the foetus is reliant on the mother to supply all nutrients, through the placenta. The woman needs to consume extra nutrients as any malnutrition, may cause the foetus to also experience malnutrition.

Question 8

changes the occur during pregnancy

Answer 8

• blood volume increases 1.5 times its normal volume to carry the extra nutrients to the foetus.
• the placenta forms
• breasts enlarge in preparation for lactation
• extra water is needed for the increased blood supply and to provide fluid for the amniotic sac.