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Nutrition in Man Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two kinds of nutritions that humans carry out ?

A

Heterotrophic nutrition & Holozoic nutrition

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2
Q

Humans eat both plants & animals so they are what kind of eaters ?

A

Omnivores

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3
Q

What is a balanced diet ?

A

This is a diet consisting of all the nutrition from the different food groups in the correct proportions needed. (fibre & water)

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4
Q

How many food groups are there ?

A

There are 6 Caribbean Food Groups

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5
Q

What are the food groups

A

Staples
Fruits
Vegetables
Legumes
Food from animals
Fats

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6
Q

Name the main Nutrient(s) of Staples & three examples

A

The main Nutrient is starch

EXAMPLES : bread, potatoes, pasta

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7
Q

Name the main Nutrient(s) of Fruits & three examples

A

The main Nutrients are sugars & vitamins

EXAMPLES : mango, orange, apple

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8
Q

Name the main Nutrient(s) of Vegetables & three examples

A

The main Nutrient is vitamins

EXAMPLES : lettuce, spinach, pumpkin

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9
Q

Name the main Nutrient(s) of Legumes & two examples

A

The main Nutrients are protein, fats, vitamins

EXAMPLES : beans & peas

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10
Q

Name the main Nutrient(s) of Food from Animals & three examples

A

The main Nutrients are protein, fats, minerals

EXAMPLES : chicken, beef, pork

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11
Q

Name the main Nutrient(s) of Fats & three examples

A

The main Nutrient in fatty acids

EXAPLES : butter, oil, shortening

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12
Q

What determines the Dietary needs of an individual ?

A

~ People with active jobs need more energy than those with inactive jobs

~ Growing children need more energy than adults

~ Men need more energy than women because of their higher metabolic rate

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13
Q

What are MAcronutrients & what do they include ?

A

These are the nutrients which require larger quantities in the diet. These include : Carbohydrates, Fats & Proteins

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14
Q

What does the MIcronutrients include ?

A

Vitamins & Minerals

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15
Q

What are the two things that are not nutrients but are important to a diet ?

A

Water & Roughage

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16
Q

What are the Organic Nutrients ?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats/Lipids & Vitamins

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17
Q

What are the ‘building blocks’ that MAcronutrients are made of ?

A

Monomers

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18
Q

What is made when the ‘building blocks’ of MArconutrients are combined ?

A

They make larger molecules called Polymers

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19
Q

What happens when monomers ere combined ?

A

Water molecules are released as ‘byproducts’ & this reaction is called Condensation or Dehydration Synthesis (to put together while losing water)

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20
Q

Can Polymers be broken down into Monomers ? If so how ?

A

Yes, this happens when water molecules are added. This is called Hydrolysis

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21
Q

What are carbohydrates made of ?

A

Monosaccharides (simple sugar)

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22
Q

What are that Types of Carbohydrates ?

A

Monosaccharides - simple sugar (building block)
Disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides - more than 2 monosaccharides

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of the Types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides - sweet & soluble
Disaccharides - sweet & soluble
Polysaccharides - not sweet & insoluble

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24
Q

What are three examples of Monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Galactose
Frutose

25
What are three examples of Disaccharides
Maltose Sucrose Lactose
26
What are three examples of Polysaccharides
Starch Glycogen Cellulose
27
What are carbohydrates used for ?
This is used for Energy (monosaccharides & disaccharides) Polysaccharides : Starch is used for food storage in plants Glycogen is used for food storage in animals Cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants
28
What are 3 Good sources of Carbohydrates ?
Sweet Potatoes Brown Rice Pumpkin
29
Excessive Carbohydrates intake can cause ?
Diabetes Obesity
30
What are the monomers of Proteins ?
Amino Acids
31
Why do Amino Acids link up, & when they do what happens ?
It is caused by Condensation and the linkage creates Polypeptide Chains
32
How is Protein formed ?
It is formed when Polypeptide Chains link up & become folded
33
Name ONE example of a Soluble Protein & an Insoluble Protein
Soluble Protein - haemoglobin (red pigment in blood) Insoluble Protein - keratin (found in hair & nails)
34
What are 3 uses of Protein ?
Growth and Repair, Metabolism & Cell membrane formation
35
Where are 3 places that Protein can be found ?
Skin, Hair & Fingernails
36
If a person is suffering from starvation, what would happen to the protein in their body ?
The Protein in their bodies would be used for energy
37
What are 3 good sources of Protein
Meat, Egg, Cheese
38
What are the building blocks / monomers of Fats ?
Fatty acids & Glycerol
39
What are the two kinds of fatty acids ? And give an example of each
Saturated fatty acids ~ e.g. butter (solid at room tempurature) Unsaturated fatty acids ~ e.g. oils (liquid at room tempurature)
40
What happens to Fatty acids when Condensation occurs ?
They are joined to Glycerol
41
Can fatty acids be removed from Glycerol & if so How ?
Yes, this can happen by hydrolysis (adding water molecules)
42
Lipids are insoluble in _____, but soluble in _______ .
Lipids are insoluble in WATER, but soluble in ETHANOL .
43
What are 3 things Fats / Lipids used for ?
They are used as a secondary source of energy, the formation of cell membranes & storage
44
What are 3 sources of both Saturated & Unsaturated fats ?
Saturated fats ~ milk, cheese, fatty parts of red meat Unsaturated fats ~ avocados, olive oil, fish oil
45
What are the different Vitamins & their names ?
A - retinol B1 - thiamine B2 - riboflavin C - ascorbic acid D - calciferol
46
What are 2 sources of vitamin A & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Egg-yolk, butter A lack of this can cause Sore eyes
47
What are 2 sources of vitamin B & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Egg-yolks, beans A lack of this can cause Beri-beri & Dermatitis
48
What are 2 sources of vitamin C & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Fresh Fruits & Raw Vegetables A lack of this can cause Scurvy
49
What are 2 sources of vitamin D & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Sunlight & Egg-Yolk A lack of this can cause Rickets
50
What are the Minerals ?
Nitrogen - N Iron - Fe Iodine - I Calcium - Ca Sodium - Na
51
Two sources of Nitrogen & two importances of it .
Sources - Eggs & Milk Importances - Formation of muscles & Hair
52
Two sources of Iron & two importances of it .
Sources - Eggs & Yeast Importances - Forms haemoglobin in red blood cells & Absence can cause Anaemia
53
Two sources of Calcium & two importances of it .
Sources - Milk & Cheese Importances - Formation of teeth and bones & necessary for blood clotting
54
Two sources of Iodine & two importances of it .
Sources - Cheese & Sea foods Importances - Formation of hormones in thyroid gland & absence causes reduced growth
55
Two sources of Sodium & two importances of it .
Sources - Green Vegetables & Table salt Importances - Maintenance of tissue fluids & transmission of nerve impulses
56
What does Roughage do ?
This insures bowel movement
57
What does Water do ?
helps transport substances absorbs heat, preventing organisms from overheating plays a part in many cellular reactions
58
What are the Diet related diseases ?
Obesity Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Knashiorkor Marasmus

Biology (3 decks)

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