Nutrition in Man Flashcards
What are the two kinds of nutritions that humans carry out ?
Heterotrophic nutrition & Holozoic nutrition
Humans eat both plants & animals so they are what kind of eaters ?
Omnivores
What is a balanced diet ?
This is a diet consisting of all the nutrition from the different food groups in the correct proportions needed. (fibre & water)
How many food groups are there ?
There are 6 Caribbean Food Groups
What are the food groups
Staples
Fruits
Vegetables
Legumes
Food from animals
Fats
Name the main Nutrient(s) of Staples & three examples
The main Nutrient is starch
EXAMPLES : bread, potatoes, pasta
Name the main Nutrient(s) of Fruits & three examples
The main Nutrients are sugars & vitamins
EXAMPLES : mango, orange, apple
Name the main Nutrient(s) of Vegetables & three examples
The main Nutrient is vitamins
EXAMPLES : lettuce, spinach, pumpkin
Name the main Nutrient(s) of Legumes & two examples
The main Nutrients are protein, fats, vitamins
EXAMPLES : beans & peas
Name the main Nutrient(s) of Food from Animals & three examples
The main Nutrients are protein, fats, minerals
EXAMPLES : chicken, beef, pork
Name the main Nutrient(s) of Fats & three examples
The main Nutrient in fatty acids
EXAPLES : butter, oil, shortening
What determines the Dietary needs of an individual ?
~ People with active jobs need more energy than those with inactive jobs
~ Growing children need more energy than adults
~ Men need more energy than women because of their higher metabolic rate
What are MAcronutrients & what do they include ?
These are the nutrients which require larger quantities in the diet. These include : Carbohydrates, Fats & Proteins
What does the MIcronutrients include ?
Vitamins & Minerals
What are the two things that are not nutrients but are important to a diet ?
Water & Roughage
What are the Organic Nutrients ?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats/Lipids & Vitamins
What are the ‘building blocks’ that MAcronutrients are made of ?
Monomers
What is made when the ‘building blocks’ of MArconutrients are combined ?
They make larger molecules called Polymers
What happens when monomers ere combined ?
Water molecules are released as ‘byproducts’ & this reaction is called Condensation or Dehydration Synthesis (to put together while losing water)
Can Polymers be broken down into Monomers ? If so how ?
Yes, this happens when water molecules are added. This is called Hydrolysis
What are carbohydrates made of ?
Monosaccharides (simple sugar)
What are that Types of Carbohydrates ?
Monosaccharides - simple sugar (building block)
Disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides - more than 2 monosaccharides
What are the characteristics of the Types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides - sweet & soluble
Disaccharides - sweet & soluble
Polysaccharides - not sweet & insoluble
What are three examples of Monosaccharides
Glucose
Galactose
Frutose
What are three examples of Disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What are three examples of Polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
What are carbohydrates used for ?
This is used for Energy (monosaccharides & disaccharides)
Polysaccharides :
Starch is used for food storage in plants
Glycogen is used for food storage in animals
Cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants
What are 3 Good sources of Carbohydrates ?
Sweet Potatoes
Brown Rice
Pumpkin
Excessive Carbohydrates intake can cause ?
Diabetes
Obesity
What are the monomers of Proteins ?
Amino Acids
Why do Amino Acids link up, & when they do what happens ?
It is caused by Condensation and the linkage creates Polypeptide Chains
How is Protein formed ?
It is formed when Polypeptide Chains link up & become folded
Name ONE example of a Soluble Protein & an Insoluble Protein
Soluble Protein - haemoglobin (red pigment in blood)
Insoluble Protein - keratin (found in hair & nails)
What are 3 uses of Protein ?
Growth and Repair, Metabolism & Cell membrane formation
Where are 3 places that Protein can be found ?
Skin, Hair & Fingernails
If a person is suffering from starvation, what would happen to the protein in their body ?
The Protein in their bodies would be used for energy
What are 3 good sources of Protein
Meat, Egg, Cheese
What are the building blocks / monomers of Fats ?
Fatty acids & Glycerol
What are the two kinds of fatty acids ? And give an example of each
Saturated fatty acids ~ e.g. butter (solid at room tempurature)
Unsaturated fatty acids ~ e.g. oils (liquid at room tempurature)
What happens to Fatty acids when Condensation occurs ?
They are joined to Glycerol
Can fatty acids be removed from Glycerol & if so How ?
Yes, this can happen by hydrolysis (adding water molecules)
Lipids are insoluble in _____, but soluble in _______ .
Lipids are insoluble in WATER, but soluble in ETHANOL .
What are 3 things Fats / Lipids used for ?
They are used as a secondary source of energy, the formation of cell membranes & storage
What are 3 sources of both Saturated & Unsaturated fats ?
Saturated fats ~ milk, cheese, fatty parts of red meat
Unsaturated fats ~ avocados, olive oil, fish oil
What are the different Vitamins & their names ?
A - retinol
B1 - thiamine
B2 - riboflavin
C - ascorbic acid
D - calciferol
What are 2 sources of vitamin A & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Egg-yolk, butter
A lack of this can cause Sore eyes
What are 2 sources of vitamin B & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Egg-yolks, beans
A lack of this can cause Beri-beri & Dermatitis
What are 2 sources of vitamin C & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Fresh Fruits & Raw Vegetables
A lack of this can cause Scurvy
What are 2 sources of vitamin D & what can be cause by a lack of it
Two sources are Sunlight & Egg-Yolk
A lack of this can cause Rickets
What are the Minerals ?
Nitrogen - N
Iron - Fe
Iodine - I
Calcium - Ca
Sodium - Na
Two sources of Nitrogen & two importances of it .
Sources - Eggs & Milk
Importances - Formation of muscles & Hair
Two sources of Iron & two importances of it .
Sources - Eggs & Yeast
Importances - Forms haemoglobin in red blood cells & Absence can cause Anaemia
Two sources of Calcium & two importances of it .
Sources - Milk & Cheese
Importances - Formation of teeth and bones & necessary for blood clotting
Two sources of Iodine & two importances of it .
Sources - Cheese & Sea foods
Importances - Formation of hormones in thyroid gland & absence causes reduced growth
Two sources of Sodium & two importances of it .
Sources - Green Vegetables & Table salt
Importances - Maintenance of tissue fluids & transmission of nerve impulses
What does Roughage do ?
This insures bowel movement
What does Water do ?
helps transport substances
absorbs heat, preventing organisms from overheating
plays a part in many cellular reactions
What are the Diet related diseases ?
Obesity
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Knashiorkor
Marasmus
