Nutrition in Man Flashcards
5 main processes of human nutrition
- ingestion
- digestion
- absorption
- assimilation
- egestion
5 main processes of human nutrition
- ingestion
- digestion
- absorption
- assimilation
- egestion
ingestion
process in which food is taken into the body
chemical digestion
the HYDROLYSIS of large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules, catalysed by enzymes
physical digestion
physical breaking up of food into smaller pieces, which increases the surface area to volume ratio of food, so that enzymes can digest the food more efficiently
Absorption
process in which small and soluble molecules move from the lumen of the intestine into the bloodstream of the intestine.
assimilation
the process where absorbed food molecules are used to create new protoplasm or used to release energy (occurs in liver)
egestion
the process where undigested food (reject: wastes) known as faeces is removed from the body
physical digestion in mouth
chewing of food by teeth physically breaks down food into smaller pieces.
(smaller food pieces have a larger surface area to volume ratio, which allows the
enzymes to digest the complex food molecules quickly)
side-effects of excessive alcohol ingestion [4]
- reduced self-control
- effects on reaction time (reaction time increases, reaction speed decreases)
- depressant
- toxic damage to the liver
social implications of alcohol consumption
- may become dependent nā get addicted to drinking
- unable to stop drinking, constantly drunk
- neglect work/ family, exhibit violent behaviour
- crimes committed under influence of alcohol
Function of liver [5]
- serving as carbohydrate store to aid in blood glucose regulation
- deamination of excess amino acids (converted into urea)
- fat digestion (produces bile)
- detoxification of harmful substances
- breakdown of red blood cells
Large intestine structure
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum(faeces temp. stored)
