Nutrition in Humans Flashcards
Food contains proteins, fats and carbohydrates that are broken down during the process of [_____ _____] to release energy to be used by the body.
cellular respiration
An organism’s [__] refers to the kinds of foods that the organism regularly consumes.
diet
[___] are animals which feed on plants only.
Herbivores
[___] are animals which feed on other animals.
Carnivores
[___] are animals which feed on both plants and animals.
Omnivores
The chemical substances that are consumed as parts of an organism’s diet and play
important physiological functions in the body are called [___].
nutrients
The intake and subsequent absorption of [____] (organic material and mineral salts) by an organism for [___] production, [___], [____], [___] repair and other vital processes is referred to as [___].
nutrients - energy - growth - development - tissue - nutrition
[___] and [___] are two units used to measure the amount of energy stored in food.
Kilojoules - calories
One [___] is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius at a pressure of one atmosphere.
calorie
[__] provides the most energy of all the nutrients: one gram of fat contains about
[__] as much energy as one gram of carbohydrates or protein.
Fat - twice
Starch and sugars are two types of [___] that can be obtained from food. [__] are found in fruits, vegetables, and some animal products such as milk and honey. [__] is only present in food types of plant origin such as potatoes. In general, foods that constitute a major component of our diet are called [__] foods and include foods rich in [__].
carbohydrates - Sugars - Starch - staple - starch
Carbohydrates constitute a major [__] source. During digestion, starch and most of the sugars present in food are broken down into [__] which is the main substance of cellular [___] and it is used by cells as an immediate source of energy.
energy - glucose - respiration
The storage form of glucose in muscle and liver cells is [___].
glycogen
The short term energy storage form of glucose in animals is [___].
glycogen
The long term energy storage form of glucose in animals is [__].
fats
The storage form of glucose in plants is [__].
starch
[___] is the carbohydrate found in dietary fiber. It is present in the cell walls of plant cells.
Cellulose
Foods rich in fiber include [___], [__ __ __], [__ __ __], [__ __ __], [__], [__ __ __] (NOT white bread), [__] and fresh [__]. [___ ___] are poor in fiber.
vegetables - whole cereal grains - whole meal oats - whole meal wheat - nuts - whole meal bread - bran - fruit - Refined cereals
Refined cereals contain much less [__] than whole meal cereals because the refinement process usually involves the removal of the [__], the outer covering of the cereal grain.
fiber - bran
Wholemeal cereals contain more [__] than refined cereals.
fibers
Brown bread contains more [__] than white bread.
fibers
Brown bread is made of [__] wheat grains. White bread is made from [__]
wheat grains.
whole. refined
It is important to have a diet rich in [____] in order to maintain a healthy digestive system and to decrease the risk for many bowel diseases like [___] and [__ __].
dietary fiber/roughage - constipation - colon cancer
Dietary fiber or roughage is the undigested [___] of plants.
cellulose
Cellulose is a polysaccharide that forms the [__ __] of plant cells.
cell wall
Dietary fiber keeps the [____] healthy.
colon/digestive system
Dietary fiber helps in exercising bowel muscles, promoting [___] and preventing [___].
peristalsis - constipation
Dietary fiber prevents bowel [__].
cancer
Dietary fiber retains [__] to keep feces soft.
water
Dietary fiber prevents [__].
obesity
[___] is a form of malnutrition as the diet is lacking dietary [____]. Constipation occurs when the movement of food along the alimentary canal is [__] making defecation difficult.
Constipation - fiber/roughage - slow
[___] fats are usually solids at room temperature and are usually of animal
origin.
Saturated
[___] fats are generally liquids at room temperature and are usually of
plant origin.
Unsaturated
White meat (chicken meat and fish) contain more [\_\_\_] fats and less [\_\_\_] fats than red meat.
unsaturated - saturated
Red meat contain more [___] fats and less [___] fats than white meat.
saturated - unsaturated
Vegetable oils are mostly made of [___] fats.
unsaturated
[___] fats contain fatty acids that lack double bonds between the carbon atoms.
Saturated
[____] fats contain fatty acids with at least on carbon-carbon double bond.
Unsaturated
Lipids are used as a source of [__] once the carbohydrates have been depleted.
energy
Lipids are water [___] and can be stored inside the cell without altering its [___]
potential and drawing water into the cell. This is why fats are considered to be [__ __ __ __ __].
insoluble - osmotic - long term
energy storage molecules
Fats are stored in adipose tissue under the skin thus they [___] the body, and help
reduce heat loss.
insulate
Lipids are essential component of the [___], such as the nuclear [___].
membranes - membrane
Some steroids function as [___].
hormones
Lipids provide [___] for internal organs (e.g. kidneys) from injury and shock.
protection
Fats are commonly stored in the [___] tissue under the skin forming an insulating layer that reduces [__] loss from the body. Otherwise they can be converted into [__] and stored around the kidney or under the [__].
adipose - heat - fats - skin
The building blocks of [___] are [__ __].
proteins - amino acids
