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Nutrition in Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A eating disorder is defined as a __________ psychiatric illness characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating habits or weight control behaviors

A

debilitating

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of eating disorders classified by the DSM-5? (5)

A

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

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3
Q

T/F: a dietitian can determine a patient has an eating disorder and classify it by its severity.

A

False, must be done by a psychiatrist

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4
Q

Which association developed the standard criteria of diagnosing a eating behavior?

A

American Psychiatric Association

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5
Q

What does DSM-5 stand for?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition

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6
Q

What are the 6 common screening and diagnostic tools?

A
  • Eating disorder examination
  • Eating disorder assessment
  • Eating attitudes test
  • Eating disorder inventory
  • Eating disorder examination-questionnaire
  • SCOFF questionnaire
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7
Q

____________ is an eating disorder in individuals with type 1 diabetes who manipulate or skip insulin to lose weight

A

Diabulimia

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8
Q

T/F: having a relative with an eating disorder or other mental illness can increase a persons risk of developing an eating disorder

A

True

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9
Q

_________ _________ __________ refers to the process where individuals adopt societal beauty standards as their own personal standards for attractiveness

A

Appearance ideal internalization

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10
Q

Jamie moved from a small town in Oklahoma to Los Angeles and her views of her body image has negatively been affected. She’s likely experiencing __________

A

acculturation

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11
Q

Impulsivity is more commonly associated with __________ ___________

A

bulimia nervosa

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12
Q

A person with the tendency to rigidly stick to patterns or obsessively follow strict eating routines is a risk factor known as _________ __________

A

cognitive inflexibility

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13
Q

T/F: Emotional dysregulation is a common risk factor for eating disorders. Individuals with AN often restrict food intake to gain a sense of control, while those with BN may binge eat to numb overwhelming emotions.

A

True

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14
Q

An individual who focuses on preventing negative experiences or consequences rather than pursuing positive rewards is demonstrating __________ __________

A

avoidance motivation - example: a person withdraws from social events involving food due to the fear of judgment or loss of control.

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15
Q

What sports are linked to be a risk factor for eating disorders?

A

Figure skating, gymnastics, sports where you need to be smaller, or sports where you need to be weighed for competition

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16
Q

What are the 6 psychiatric co-morbidities?

A

Anxiety
Depression
OCD
Personality disorders Substance abuse
PTSD

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17
Q

______ ______ is a disease characterized by extreme caloric restriction leading to extremely low body weight

A

Anorexia nervosa

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18
Q

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with Anorexia Nervosa:
A. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain
B. Intense fear of gaining weight
C. Denial of severity of the condition
D. body image distortion, self-evaluation influenced by body weight/shape

A

A. This is a characteristic of BN

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19
Q

What is the difference between binge eating/purging in anorexia nervosa and binge eating/purging in bulimia nervosa?

A

In anorexia nervosa (binge-eating/purging type), the person is underweight and restricts food intake severely, while in bulimia nervosa, the person binges and purges but maintains a normal or above-normal weight.

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20
Q

What are the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa?

A

Restricting
Binge eating and purging

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21
Q

T/F: purging roughly eliminates 50% of calories consumed

A

true

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22
Q

DSM-5 includes four levels of severity ratings for AN based on ______

A

BMI - mild, moderate, severe, and extreme

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23
Q

AN affects approximately __% of women and ___% of men

A

1% women, <0.5%

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24
Q

T/F: Initial presentation of both AN and BN occurs in adulthood

A

False, it occurs in adolescence or young adulthood for both

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25
T/F: AN has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric diagnosis due to medical complications and a high risk of suicide
True
26
The mortality rate per decade for AN is
~5%
27
What FIVE psychologic features are common in AN
1. Perfectionism or compulsivity 2. Feelings of ineffectiveness 3. Inflexible thinking 4. Overly restrained emotional expression 5. Limited social spontaneity
28
What are three characteristics of bulimia nervosa
- Repeated episodes of binge eating - Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain - Self-evaluation based on body shape and weight
29
What categorizes repeated episodes of binge eating?
An episode occurring at least once a week for 3 months
30
What are five common examples of compensatory behaviors?
- Self-induced vomiting - Laxative misuse - Diuretic misuse - Compulsive exercise - Fasting
31
DSM-5 includes four levels of severity ratings based on ___________ of inappropriate compensatory behaviors
frequency - mild, moderate, severe, extreme
32
BN affects __% of women and ___% of men
2% in women, 0.5% in men
33
T/F: BN is commonly associated with feelings of shame/embarrassment and secretive behavior
True
34
BN has a mortality rate of __% per decade
~2%
35
T/F: binge eating disorder is similar to BN in that recurrent episodes of binge eating occur at least once a week for 3 months, however no inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur after a binge
true
36
Binge-eating episodes are associated with at least _____ of the following: eating rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating large amount of food when not hungry, eating alone due to embarrassment, feelings of disgust/depression/guilt
three
37
Marked distress is a characteristic of ______ ________ ________
binge eating disorder
38
DSM-5 for binge eating includes four levels of severity based on _________ of binge-eating episodes
frequency
39
T/F: Binge-eating disorder wasn't a diagnosis prior to DSM-5
True
40
Binge-eating disorder affects ___% of women and ___% of men
~3.5% in women, 2% in men
41
T/F: Binge-eating disorder occurs in adolescence and young-adulthood
False, it occurs typically in adulthood
42
Unlike AN or BN, people with binge-eating disorder are typically _____________ with associated health consequences
overweight
43
What are three common triggers for binge-eating disorder?
- Emotional eating (stress/loneliness) - Food deprivation or restriction - Physical or psychological stressors
44
Other specified feeding and eating disorders is a diagnostic category for eating disorders that meet ______ criteria for AN, BN, or BED
most, but not all
45
What makes night eating syndrome different from a binge eating disorder?
Night eating syndrome involves someone waking up to consume food, and sometimes unaware.
46
T/F: Jackson works night shift and eats excessively after 2AM, he is experience night eating syndrome.
False, the individual has to wake up from sleep for it to be night eating syndrome
47
Which of the following does not fit the characteristics of Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) A. Inadequate food intake based on restricted range of foods eaten or restricted caloric intake B. Reduced intake due to emotional disturbance with concern for body shape/size C. Reduced intake due to emotional disturbance without concern for body shape/size D. Hesitation related to fear of choking, vomiting, or allergic reaction
B. Individuals with ARFID tend to not be concerned about body weight/size
48
T/F: People on the autism spectrum tend to avoid certain foods because of sensory aspects which is a characteristic of ARFID
True
49
What are the risk factors for ARFID (5)
GI conditions Anxiety OCD Autism spectrum Attention disorders
50
T/F: individuals with ARFID tend to be younger and have higher proportion of males
True
51
T/F: An individual with ARFID may need EN due to significant weight loss
True
52
T/F: Orthorexia nervosa is an eating disorder
False, its not a clinical eating disorder
53
Describe orthorexia nervosa
Unhealthy obsession with eating healthy food, gives individual a feeling of perfection/superiority and is associated with obsessive thinking, compulsive behavior, and self-punishment
54
T/F: orthorexia nervosa is related to quality of food and weight loss
False, its related to quality of food, not weight loss
55
______ happens in AN and is related to low body fat not being able to insulate the body
Lanugo - hair growth
56
What are clinical characteristics of AN? (7)
- decreased RMR - malnutrition - muscle and fat wasting - dry skin - brittle hair/nails - lanugo - carotenemia
57
What are medical complications in AN? (9)
- cardiac issues (electrolyte imbalance leads to cardiac arrest) - amenorrhea - GI issues - constipation - cold intolerance - poor immune function/ wound healing - insomnia - reproductive issues - osteoporosis
58
In BN, what are the effects of laxative and diuretic abuse/ excessive vomiting?
electrolyte imbalance and cardiac arrhythmia
59
T/F: chronic vomiting can include esophagus and stomach damage
True
60
What are common signs of self-induced vomiting?
russell's sign, calluses on knuckles
61
What are the biochemical changes in AN? (4)
↑ Cholesterol ↑ Carotene ↓ WBC ↓ Glucose
62
What are the biochemical changes in BN?
↓ K ↑ CO2 ↑ Amylase

NUTR 408 (4 decks)

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