Nutrition in Diabetes-Thomas Flashcards
(blank) million american have diabetes
(blank) leading cause of death in the U.S
(blank) million americans have pre-diabetes
26
7th
79
(blank) percent of patients do NOT receive diabetes education
56%
Providers know importance of DE but dont necessarily prescribe (blank), and sometimes forget to follow up with patients to encourage attendance
diabetes education
What are the accrediation organizations for diabetes educators?
- American association of diabetes educators
- American Diabetes Association
The best diet for diabetic patients is individualized and based upon that patient’s (Blank)
goals
What is this:
autoimmune disease where the body produces little to no insulin
Type 1 diabetes
What is this:
body produces insulin, but does not use it properly. Insulin resistance is a key part of this and overtime the body stops producing insulin
Type 2 diabetes
What is the step 1 tx of Type 2 diabetes?
step 2?
Step 3?
- lifestyle + metformin
- Lifestyle + metformin + basal insulin, Lifestyle + metformin + sulfonylurea
- lifestyle + metformin + intestive insulin
What are the lifestyle changes that shoud be implemented in diabetic patients?
- 120 min/week moderate exercise (walking, 900-1000 kcal/week)
- decreased total kcal intake by 450 kcal/d
- 5% weight loss or 8.8 pounds over 3 yrs
The lifestyle modifications recommended for diabetic patients are recommended for both types. T or F
T
The recommendation is to reinforce lifestyle modifaction at (blank) visit
every
What are the goals of medical nutrition therapy?
- achieve/maintain BG levels in normal range, a lipid and lipoprotein profile that reduces risk fo vascular disease, and BP levels in normal range
- prevent or slow rate of development and treat chronic complications of DM by modifying nutrient intake/lifestyle
- improve health with healthy food choices/ physical activity
- address individual nutritions needs, with personal/curltural preferences, lifestyle, and willingness/ability to change in consideration
What are the macronutrient recommendations?
Carb: 45-65% of calories
consistency is important!
Protein- 15-20% of calories, more is okay if weight loss is needed and kidney function is normal
Fat: 25-35% of calories, 7-10% of calories from sat fat.
Choelsterol 200-300 mg/day
How should you eat carbs?
Spread out the total amount of carbohydrates evenly throughout the day and be consistent!
Carb count
Where are carbs found?
Starches Fruit Milk and yogurt Beans and legumes Sweets/desserts, etc (even sugar-free products)
1 servin of a CHO food contains (blank) grams of CHOs. Also known as CHO choice or CHO serving
15
What amount contains 15 grams of CHOs?
(blank) ounce slice of bread
(blank) of popcorn
(blank) of oatmeal
(blank) of milk
(blank) of orange juice
(blank) small banana
(blank) of raisins
(blank) of beans or corn
(blank) of cooked pasta or rice
1 ounce 3 cups ½ cup 8 oz 4 oz ½ 2 tablespoons ½ cup 1/3 cup
Fiber – At least (blank) grams of fiber/ serving, subtract ½ of the fiber grams from total carbohydrates
5
To start, aim for (blank) CHO servings per meal for women and (blank)
CHO servings per meal for men
3-4
4-5
3-4 CHO servings is equal to (blank) grams
4-5 CHO servings is equal to (blank) grams
45-60
60-75
What are the blood sugar goals preprandial?
1-2 hours after a meal?
A1c level?
70-130
less than 140 or 180
less than 7 or 6.5
(blank) vegetables are considered “free” foods and can be ocnsumed in large portions to fill them up
non-starchy
How many calories should a diabetic consume? How many servings of carbs?
1400
12 CHO=180 grams of CHO
How much protein should a diabetic eat?
15-20% of daily energy intake (with normal renal function)
Protein has been shown to have a minimal influence on glycemic response with an acute effect on insulin secretion, including postprandial blood sugars
If a patient has diabetic nephropathy, protein should be restricted to no more than (blank). What will this help?
1.0g/kg/d
improves albuminuria in persons with nephropathy, yet no signif effects on GFR
If a pnt has CKD stages 3-5, what should your protein intake be?
- 7-1 g/kg/d of protein intake is recommended
- monitor for hypoalbuminemia (malnutrition)and unintentional weight loss
(blank) acutely increases glucose concentrations and insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes
Dietary fat
Adults with type I diabetes require more insulin coverage for (blank) than for lower-fat meals with identical carbohydrate content.
higher-fat meals
What is the recommended amount of fiber?
14 grams for every 1000 kcal (28 grams per day for typical 2000 calorie/day diet)
Does a high fiber diet (44 grams) have better effects on A1c than lower fiber (16)?
no
How much soluble fiber should you have a day?
7-13 grams per day (diets high in total and soluble fiber have been found to reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol)
What are the sources of soluble fiber?
oatmeal, oat cereal, lentils, apples, oranges, pears, oat bran, strawberries, nuts, flaxseeds, beans, dried peas, blueberries, psyllium, cucumbers, celery, and carrots.
the average american con sumes (blank) calories per day
2,700
What are the top 5 sources of calories in the US diets?
- Grain-based desserts 138 cal/d
- Yeast breads 129 cal/d
- Chicken and Chicken mixed dishes 121 cal/d
- Sodas, energy and sports drinks 114 cal/d
- Pizza 93 cal/d
What is the recommened aerobic exercise regiment?
Resistance Training?
Balance and flexibility?
- 3-7 days a week
- 1000-2000 calories burned per week
- walking, swimming, jogging
2 to 3 days per week, 8 to 20 reps with 2-3 rounds
whole body routings, resistance bands, free weights
daily
What are the CHO requirements during mild intensity physical activity?
0-10 grams every 30 minutes
What are the CHO requirements during moderate intensity physical activity?
5-10 grams
every 15 min
What are the CHO requirements during high intensity physical activity?
0-15 grams
every 15 min
WHat should you eat before a workout? What should you eat after a workout?
slower absorbd CHO with protein and fat
30-120 minutes post workout drink milk or yogurt
