Nutrition in Adulthood and Elderly

Question 1

At what life stage do we need the most amount of nutrients?

Answer 1

Adolescence

Question 2

Why do we need an inc amt of iron during adolescence?

Answer 2

Onset of menstruation

Males due to muscle growth

Question 3

Why is Calcium important during early stages of life?

Answer 3

To reach the bone mass peak

Esp important for females due to the effect of menopause on osteoporosis

Question 4

What are some non-food based nutritional concerns in teens?

Answer 4

Eating disorders
Teenage pregnancy
Smoking
Alcohol consumption

Question 5

What are some dietary concerns for teenagers?

Answer 5

Vit A
Vit B6, Folate and B12
Iron
Calcium
Zinc

Question 6

How does calorie restriction improve longevity?

Answer 6

CR thought to reduce metabolism

Less metabolism = Less ROS being generated

Question 7

What are some nutrient requirement concern in older adults?

Answer 7

Vit D: Does not convert so well in skin
Vitamin B6
Calcium: Delay resorption to reduce risk for osteoporosis

Question 8

What are some complications for malnutrition?

Answer 8

Decreased muscle mass decreases accessibility of food
Decreased immune function leads to increased illness
Dec in visual acuity makes shopping and food prep difficult

Question 9

What are some GI changes in elderly?

Answer 9

Taste bud and saliva amt changes
Stomachs empty slower
Atrophic gastritis
Decreased motility and elasticity of large intestine

Question 10

The elderly experience a decline in estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone, melatonin and insulin. What risks do these create?

Answer 10

Decline in estrogen and progesterone in women (Inc risk for osteoporosis and heart disease)
Growth hormone (Protein synth dec)
Melatonin (Antioxidants dec)
Insulin (Inc risk for T2DM)