Digestion and Metabolism Flashcards
Dietary components can be broken down and can go through two pathways. What are these pathways and what do they do?
Biosynthetic Pathways: AA made into muscles and enzymes
Fuel Storage Pathways: Glycogen can be stored in liver, adipose in adipose tissue.
These can then be used to create energy
What macronutrients produce nitrogen that needs to be disposed of?
Proteins
How is ATP created when there is a lack of oxygen? What is the byproduct of this process?
Through anaerobic glycolysis
Byproduct: Lactate
When does the fed state occur?
When a meal has been eaten and the food is being digested and absorbed
Is there a decrease or increase of insulin and glucagon levels in the fed state?
Increase of insulin
Decrease of glucagon
Give a brief rundown of glucose’s “journey” in the fed state
Glucose travels to the liver
liver can use it for energy or convert it to glycogen
remaining glucose circulates through body so body system can use it
How is fat stored and what is done with the excess?
Fat stored in adipose tissue
Other carried and packed in VLDL from excess carb and made into triglyceride
How is protein transported and what is its purpose?
Protein broken down into amino acids
AA go through liver and are taken up the tissues to make compounds, enzymes and proteins in body
When does the fasted state occur?
After food has been digested and absorbed
Approx 2 hours post meal
What happens to insulin and glucagon levels in the fasted state?
Insulin drops
Glucagon increase
What is the purpose of glycogen, what structure uses it and how is it converted to a useable structure?
Glycogen is used as back fuel when glucose levels are low
Glycogen has to be converted the liver
Glycogen, now glucose, is then used to feed the brain and RBC
What is the purpose of adipose tissue in a fasted state?
Adipose tissue is broken down to create glycerol to be sent to liver as substrate for glucose
When glycogen levels are low, how does the body receive energy?
Proteins are broken down to get AA which can be used to create glucose
FA turned into ketone bodies
During prolonged fasting, stores of glucose and glycogen levels are depleted while less protein is available. How does the body compensate for this?
Muscles start using FA
Ketone bodies build up
Brain uses ketone bodies for energy
RBC will use the last amounts of glucose left
