Nutrition final Flashcards
Which of the following chemicals provide health benefits and give plant food their color, aroma, and flavor?
phytochemicals
Which of the following nutrients do not supply energy?
vitamins
The westernized diet is low in this nutrient. What is this?
magnesium
How many total calories do you consume if you consume 5g of fat, 23g of carbs and 3g of protein?
149 calories
Which of the following is a major organ of the digestive system?
esophagus
Which of the smallest functional unit of living organisms?
cell
What is an organ that produces digestive enzymes and releases bicarbonate?
pancreas
Alcohol provides this amount of kcal per gram:
7 kcal/g
This disaccharide known as table sugar is:
sucrose
When blood glucose falls the pancreas secretes this into the bloodstream:
glucagon
Triglycerides are composed of ___ and glycerol
3 fatty acids
Which lipoprotein originates in the liver and transports mostly triglycerides to adipose tissue and muscle?
VLDL
Inclusion of partially hydrogenated oils in foods increase this:
trans fat
Which of these types of oil would remain solid at high temp? (highest concentration of saturated fat)
palm oil
Where does a chylomicron originate?
small intestine
Which compound in the body makes it possible for dietary fat to be digested in the aqueous environment of the small intestine?
bile acid
What characteristic of a fat determines if it’s unsaturated?
if the fat has double bonds
Which statement about incomplete protein is true?
it lacks one or more essential amino acids
Jay spends about 2,000 cal per day on his avg. Cal intake per day is about 1,900. He eats in:
negative energy balance
Which of the following groups is not at risk for vitamin D deficiency?
younger generation
True of false? Fatty acid deficiency is widespread therefore supplementation is necessary.
False
True or false? Overconsumption of sodium increases
Which is not a component of bone and teeth?
chloride
Glucose is stored as a polymer (glycogen) in primarily which cells or tissues of the body?
muscle and liver
Which of the following is true about alcohol?
it is not a nutrient
Energy-dense foods are foods with a high number of calories for their:
weight
Leafy, green vegetables are low in energy density because they are high in ___ content
water
Most fats first enter the ___ before reaching the bloodstream
lymphatic system
Which organ of the GI tract absorbs water and some minerals?
large intestine
What is the storage form of glucose?
glycogen
A fasting glucose level ___ per 100 ml is … for prediabetes
100-125
Which statement about type 1 diabetes is true?
It’s an autoimmune disease
When blood forces out of coronary artery, a person experiences a:
heart attack
Hydrochloric acid is produced by ___ and it ____
stomach, denatures
___ are the proteins used by immune system that are critical for body defense against infection and viruses
antibodies
what percentage of total calories a day should be consumed by carbohydrates?
45-65%
removes glucose from blood for use by cells
insulin
a coenzyme can best be defined as:
a compound that binds to a protein and is required for its function or activity
which is not a water soluble vitamin?
vitamins E and K
True or false? Vitamin A plays a role in vision health.
true
true or false? vitamin K plays a role in bone growth and maintenence.
false, vitamin K helps form blood clots
true or false? vitamin D must be hydroxylated in the liver and kidney to be biologically active
true
True or false? Water-soluble vitamins present a relatively low level of toxicity.
true
True or false? Pellagra is a deficiency symptom of niacin
true
True or false? Hypothalamic acid deficiency is widespread therefore proper supplementation is necessary.
false
Which vitamin is scurvy a major deficiency symptom of?
vitamin C
Deficiency disease associated with B-vitamin thiamine is:
beriberi
True or false? BMI can distinguish between excess fat and muscle and bone mass
false
How many calories per gram of fat?
9
How many calories per gram of carbs?
4
How many calories per gram of protein?
4
