exam 3 Flashcards
A coenzyme can best be defined as:
a compound that binds to a protein and is required for its function or activity
Which is not a water-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin E
True or false? Vitamin A plays a role in vision health
true
True or false? Vitamin K helps bone growth and maintenance.
False; vitamin K helps form blood clots
True or false? Vitamin D must be hydroxylated in liver in kidney to be biologically active.
True
True or false? Vitamin K deficiency can cause hemorrhage.
True
True or false? Water-soluble vitamins present a relatively low level of toxicity.
True
True or false? Pellagra is a deficiency symptom of niacin.
True
True or false? Hypothalamic acid deficiency is widespread therefore proper supplementation is necessary.
False
Obesity can be defined as:
presence of excess body fat; a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2; waist circumference greater than 35 inches for men and 40 inches for women
Definition of energy
capacity to do work
definition of calorie
energy required to raise 1g of water by 1 degree C
Sue works a desk job, commutes to work, parks close to the building, and watches TV with her family in the evening. At 165 pounds, she expends about 2,000 calories per day. Her average calorie intake is around 2,150 calories per day. Sue is in:
positive energy balance
Which vitamin is scurvy a major deficiency symptom of?
Vitamin C
Vitamin-like compound classified as an essential nutrient
Choline
Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate results in:
megaloblastic anemia
What is pellagra characterized by?
dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
Symptoms of ariboflavinosis
cracks and redness of the lips and corners of the mouth; swelling of the mouth and sore throat
Deficiency disease associated with B-vitamin thiamine is:
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
causes severe neurological disturbances
function of vitamin K
needed for synthesis of proteins for blood clotting
Which population is at risk for vitamin D deficiency?
People with darker skin
Risks of vitamin D deficiency
rickets, osteomalacia, cancer, autoimmune disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease
Functions of vitamin D
acts as a hormone and helps bone growth and maintenance
Hypervitaminosis A (vitamin A toxicity)
usually results from excess supplementation; weakness or defects in bones, night blindness, permanent blindness, impaired immunity, rough, dry, or scaly skin, keratinization
visual pigment of retinal and protein opsin
rhodopsin
what happens when light strikes rhodopsin?
retinal changes its shape
functions of vitamin A
vision; functions as hormone in: cell development, immune function, growth, bone health, reproduction
Which form of vitamin A presents better bioavailability?
foods like salmon, animal products and fortified foods
has vitamin activity after conversion to active form in the body
provitamin
already in an active form in foods
preformed vitamin A
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, and K
Water soluble vitamins
B vitamins, choline, and vitamin C
degree to which nutrients can be absorbed and used by the body
bioavailability
BMI can be best described as
an estimate using a person’s height and weight
True or false? BMI can distinguish between excess fat and muscle and bone mass
false
3 main components of total energy expenditure (TEE)
basal metabolism, thermic effect of food (TEF), and activity energy expenditure (AEE)
What is the largest component of TEE?
basal metabolism
Hormone that is produced in the stomach and stimulates hunger:
ghrelin
Hormone that is produced by adipose tissue and suppresses hunger:
leptin
