Nutrition Exam 3 Flashcards
factors influencing nutrition
appetite, negative experiences, disease, illness, medications, environmental factors (income, education, physical function level, transportation, availability of foods), developmental needs, alternative food patterns (religion, cultural background, health beliefs, personal preferences)
what is considered in anthropometry
size and makeup of body height & weight ideal body weight BMI: kg/m^2 OR 703 x lb/in^2 skin fold measures fat percentage
what is total protein
combination of albumin and globulin constitute
normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL
albumin
makes up 60% of total protein better indicator of chronic illnesses synthesized in the liver half-life 21 days normal: 3.5-5 g/dL
if someone has liver problems their albumin may be low
prealbumin
preferred for acute conditions
half life 2 days
normal: 15-36 mg/dL
hemoglobin
protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood
Male: 14-18 g/dL
female: 12-16 g/dL
if low may benefit from eating foods rich in iron
what is a regular diet
no restrictions and no signs of intolerances
PT has no comorbidities
regular consistency
aim to provide a well-balanced diet to meet nutritional needs
what is a mechanical soft diet
softer, smaller in size
no raw fruits or veggies
no nuts or seeds
what is a pureed diet
no chewing at all
smooth like pudding
what is a minced diet
food chopped up teeny tiny, 1/8in big
what is a ground diet
like rice
1/4 in
what is a chopped diet
1/2 in
what is a clear liquid diet
leaving little residue or fiber in the GI tract
could be going for medical procedure
may be associated with acute illness
anything liquid that you can see through
-broth
what is a full liquid diet
often transition from clear liquid
-everything from clear and then any other measured in mL
what is a fluid restriction
limiting number of fluids per day
anyone retaining excessive water
- heart failure and kidney failure
- pt. with low serum sodium
what is a consistent carb diet
balances carbs, fats, proteins
recommended for diabetics
what is a cardiac diet
low salt
low saturated fat
low cholesterol
what is a low residue
limit foods that are easily digested (high fiber foods)
limit dairy
chrons disease will use low residue
reduce hyperactive diet
what is a high fiber
grains, fruits, veggies, nuts, beans
what is a gluten free
wheat barley rye oats
what is a lactose free
not being able to digest sugars and lactose
what is a bland diet
designed to avoid irritation in GI tract
decrease parastalsis
gastric reflux
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite
causes
- pain
- fatigue
- effects of medications
nursing care to increase appetite
treat cause creative approaches environment smaller means more frequent meals allow for food preferences seasonings to improve taste provide oral hygiene ensure patient is comfortable medications for appetite simulation
