Nutrition exam 1

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Physical and chemical processes that occur inside the cells of the body that maintain life

Question 2

Citric acid cycle

Answer 2

occurs in mitos and is aerobic

Question 3

Glycogenesis

Answer 3

conversion of excess glucose to glycogen

Question 4

Glycogenolysis

Answer 4

conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver or in absence of G6P in muscle

Question 5

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

formation of glucose from non-carb sources; mainly in liver except during starvation when kidneys assist

Question 6

Maple syrup disease

Answer 6

Lack of enzyme needed to metabolize aa; build up cause maple smelling urine/sweat, seizures, neuro changes; treat with dialysis, B1 injections, nix leucine, isoleucine, valine; common in mennonites

Question 7

Gaucher’s disease

Answer 7

build up of glucocerebrosides in tissue, common in Ashkenazi jews; enlarged liver/spleen, brownish pigmentation (Type 1,2,3); treat with enzyme replacement therapy

Question 8

MCAD deficiency

Answer 8

Deficiency of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; occur due to low sugar; confusion/coma, weakness, vomiting, seizures; treat with glucose at birth, eat often, high carb/low fat diet; supplement with carnitine

Question 9

Glycolysis produces

Answer 9

two pyruvate and ATP

Question 10

Krebs cycle produces

Answer 10

30 (ish) ATP

Question 11

Potassium

Answer 11

chemical rxns in cells, regulates transfer of nutrients, H2O balance, normal heartbeat, nerve transmission; absorbed in intestines; adrenal glands; muscle contractions, BP, growth, nerve impulses, healthy skin; stroke prevention

Question 12

Sodium

Answer 12

130mg; extracellular fluid (.5 osmotic strength of plasma); H2) alance, transition of fluids and blood pH; works with K+; absorbed in stomach and s. intestines; proper digestion, nerve function, muscle contractions

Question 13

Chloride

Answer 13

stomach acid, transmit nerve impulses, regulate H2O, acid-base balance, required for B12 and iron absorption;, stops growth of microorganisms in stomach, activates amylase

Question 14

Calcium

Answer 14

formation and maintenance of bones, teeth, healthy gums, blood clotting, muscle growth, protein DNA/RNA, energy, break down fats, cell membrane permeability, neuromuscular activity, stops lead from being absorbed

Question 15

Magnesium

Answer 15

neuromuscular activity of heart/rhythm, cofactor in >300 enzyme systems, necessary for Ca/Vit C, P, K, Na, B vits, E vit metabolism; blood sugar->energy, testosterone/progesterone; RNA/DNA

Question 16

Phosphorus

Answer 16

every metabolic action, metabolize macro molecules; absorbed through intestines, 70% in diet is absorbed

Question 17

Iron

Answer 17

Hemoglobin, protein, Cu, Ca; absorbed in s. intestine; stored in spleen, liver, bone, blood, needed for B vit metabolism

Question 18

Water soluble

Answer 18

Vit B, C

Question 19

Fat soluble

Answer 19

Vit A, D, E, K

Question 20

What helps lower cholesterol?

Answer 20

Calcium