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Clinical Science > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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0
Q

ADH secretion

A

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors, left atrial baroreceptors, drug administration (decrease in ADH w/ caffeine increases urination), and neural stimuli

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1
Q

Growth hormone

A

Test: IGF-1, excess causes acromegaly or gigantism (children), decreases causes dwarfism

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2
Q

Features of excess GH

A

Broad nose, chin, large hands, larger stature

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3
Q

Prolactin

A

normally elevated during pregnancy, abnormal levels due to pituitary tumor

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5
Q

Thyroid metabolic responses

A

Increases metabolic rate, intermediary metabolism (carb, fat, protein), sympathetic effect, cardiovascular effect, oxygenation of blood, nervous system and growth

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5
Q

Negative feedback of TSH

A

Increase in hypo, decreased in hyper

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6
Q

TSH

A

produced by pituitary, normal range is .4-4mU/L; hypo and hyperthyroidism

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8
Q

T4 and T3 relationship

A

T4 is 90% of secretory product, T3 is more potent, T4 is converted to T3

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8
Q

Triiodothyronine

A

T3, increased in Hyper, decreased in hypo, may be increased in 5% of hyper pts when T4 is normal

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9
Q

Thyroxine

A

T4, increased in hyper, decreased in Hypo; free thyroxine test detects and monitors rapid changing

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10
Q

Thyroperocidase antibody

A

TPO, membrane bound glycoprotein; increase in graves, hashimoto thyroiditis, addison disease, myxedema; low in 10% of pop

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11
Q

Anti-thyroglobulin antibody

A

antibody against thyroglobin are produced in autoimmune diseases of thyroid; 10% pop have elevated levels; not much use but to monitor post cancer

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12
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

PTH, increase osteoclastic activity in bone, increases renal tubular reabsorption, inhibits absorption of phosphate and bicarbonate; cause increase in net serum calcium

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14
Q

Adrenal cortex 3 layers

A

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

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15
Q

Mineralcorticoids-Aldosterone

A

induces retention of H2O, promote Na retention and K elimination; RAAS; increase K increases aldosterone

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16
Q

Glucocorticoids- Cortisol

A

Intermediary metabolism, permissive action, stress, enhances responsiveness of blood vessels, inflammatory cytokines; Dec eosinophils, basophils ,and T cell, Inc neutrophil, RBC and platelet

17
Q

Acute adrenocortical insufficiency

A

Adrenal crisis, weakness, low BP, K high, Na low; inability to produce cortisol

18
Q

Addison disease

A

weakness, weight loss, nausea, low BP, cortisol levels low, plasma ASTH high

19
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid gland

A

Hypothalamus-> TRH-> Anterior pituitary-> TSH-> Thyroid gland -> T4 and T3

20
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal gland

A

Hypothalamus-> CRH-> Anterior pituitary-> ACTH-> adrenal cortex-> cortisol and adrenal sex hormones

21
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary gland (GH)

A

Hypothalamus-> GHRH-> anterior pituitary-> GH-> liver or every cell-> somatomedins (IGF1&2) or Metabolic effects)

22
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary gland (prolactin)

A

Hypothalamus-> dopamine or PIF-> anterior pituitary-> prolactin-> mammary gland-> milk

23
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary gland (testes)

A

Hypothalamus-> GnRH-> anterior pituitary-> FSH and LH-> Testes -> sperm and testosterone production

24
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary gland (ovary)

A

Hypothalamus-> GnRH-> anterior pituitary-> FSH and LH-> Ovary-> ovulation, estrogen, corpus luteum and follicle development

25
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Vasopressin; H2O retention, contraction of arteriolar smooth muscle

26
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

Narrow outer layer, releases mineralcorticoids, aldosterone

27
Q

Zona fasciculata

A

Middle and largest layer, releases glucocorticoids, cortisol

28
Q

Zona reticularis

A

inner most layer, releases sex homrones, estrogen and androgens

29
Q

Increased/decreased cortisol

A

Inc: Cushing syndrome; Dec: adrenal insufficiency

30
Q

Ovulatory phase

A

Day 14: LH surge, follicle protrudes, vesicle ruptures, oocyte is extruded… ovulation

31
Q

Testosterone

A

key in development of testis/prostate, increased in females w/ PCOS, decreased in hypogonadism

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