Nutrition Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the worst type of fat
Trans fats
What are the types of fatty acids
satuarated
monosaturated
polysaturated
types of lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
structure of triglyceride
fatty acid- large chair of carbon atoms
glycerol back bone
phospholipid structure
soluble in water
1 glycerol back bone and two fatty acids
sterols
ring structure
Where does fatty acids enter in the cell
mitochondria
what travel with fatty acid in the blood
albumin
what happens in the mitchondria
fat will use o2 and produce ATP for energy
where fat is absorpbed
SI
what molecules make up fat
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Why are phospholipids important
cell membrane
blood cholesterol is impacted by by food cholesterol
false
most common lipid
triglycerides
structure of a tryglyceride
3 FAs and 1 glycerol
monosaturated and polysaturated
1 double bond
multiple double bonds
What do tryglycerided and phospholipids have in common
FA and glycerol
phospholipids and triglycerided have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end
F
Poly unsat. are healthy
true
omegas are unhealthy
no they r healthy
What is EHA and DHA
omega
what are ALA
flax chia walnut
EHA and DHA
algea and fatty fish
Not all fats have fatty acids
false
how much of your diet should have fats and what should be trans fats
30 % and 10 % of transfats
where does digestions of fat take place
small intestine
who can digest fats
infants
where is cck released
duednum si
where will cck go
goes to acessory organs to release bile and lipase
what will triglyceride be broken down to with lipase
di and monglyceride
Proteins
large complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essential components of all living cells
Whats the building block of proteins
amino acids
what provides nitrogen
proteins
structure of an amino acid
5 parts
central carbon atom
amine group- nitrogen
hydrogen atom
side chain
amino acids
nitrogen containing molecules that combine to form proteins
essential amino acids
amino acids not produced by the body that must be obtained from food
how many amino acids are essential
9
nonessential amino acids
manufactured by the body s
conditionally essential amino acid
amino acids considered to be nonessential but become essential under certain circumstances when the body’s need them excess ability to produce them
transamination
the process od transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another in order to manufacture a new amino acid
peptide bond
a unique type of chemical bond in which the amine group of one amino acid binds to the acid group of another in order to manufacture dipeptides and all larger peptide molecules
gene expression
a gene to make a protein
What regulates amino acid binding
genes
transcription
the process through which messenger RNA copies genetic info from DNA in the nucleus
What type of digestion occurs in the mouth
chemical and mechaincal
Whats the main function of the stomach
to denature proteins
An active protein enzyme
pesinogen
gastrin
HCL acid
Pepsin
pepsin
Which of the following hormones is responsible for signaling the pyloric sphincter to slow doen and release of chyme
cholecystokinin
T or F the acessory organs are part of the GI tract
False - accessory organs have ducts that dump digestive fluid into GI tract but are not a part of GI tract
The tissue in the small intestin increases the surface area by 300 times
vili
T o F the sodium, potassium, and chloride are product in the large intestine by prebiotic feeding the bacteria
False
prebiotics feed on bacteria, vitamin K and short chain fatty acids are produced which are then absorbed by the body
Which carbs are not digested by the body
oligosaccharides and polysaccharide starches
Why are artifical sweeteners bad
They provide little to no calories because that are not digested by the bod they can effect insulin efficiency wich can lead type 2 diabetes
Allergy vs intolerance
allergy cannot have causes and immune respone
intolerance can have a little in small quantities
Amylopectin and digestion
will be digested rapidly because it is brtanched chain structure has many ends for digestion to occur amylose is a single chain with only 2 ends so it digest slower
What hormone increase blood s when levels are low
glucagon
ATP is produced in which of the 4 metabolic pathways
glycolysis
krebs
ETC
IS blood Cholesterol affected by consumption of food
no
liver will adjust production of cholesterol , BC is affected by the consumption of saturated fats man-made trans fats and processed food
HOW ARE phospholips and trigylcerides similar
fatty acids and glycerol head
trigly. and phosphl have a hyrophobic end and a hydrophilic end
yes
glycerol head is hydrophilic
fatty acids are hydrophobic
where can you find DHA foods
algea and fatty fish
what is the purpose of bile
to suspend small pieces of fat in the digestive fluid
Lipoproteins transport digested lipids from the smal intestin to the liver
chylomicron
how many essential amino acids for our diet
9
how are proteins different than carbs and triglycerides
nitrogen
where does translation occur
ribosome
know the structure of proteins in the body
the structure of proteins is wheew alpha helix or beta sheet is produced
secondary
main functions of protein
hormones
enzymes
cell repair and function
why is protein an ineffecient fuel source
it produces inconsistent ATP die to varied entry in the metabolic pathways
whats an incomplete protein
lacks an amino acid
animals proteins
are 3 to 4 times the mount of protein in plants
digestion of proteins begins in
stomach
phospholipid function
cell membrane bilayer
formation of lipoproteins
component of bile and to emulsify fats for digestion
phospholipid structure
glycerol head and 2 fatty acid tails
sterol
multiring structure
cholesterol source
liver produces based on food intake
sterols and stenols
block cholesterol absorption
how many fatty acids form tryglycerides
3
saturated
unstaturated
transfat
omegas
fat (stomach)
liver
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
minor digestion with a lipase enzyme
liver: bile stored in gall bladed released through the bile duct into small instead will emulsify the lipids
pancreas- small mixture of enzymes such as lipase in small intestine
small intestine- primary site for digestion and absorption pf lipids fatty acids can be transferred with lymph
large intestine- will be excreted
VLDL
transport trig. and cholestorl to the cells
LDLS
bad cholesterol
TRYG are given to cells of the body changed densisty and becomes LDL
HDLS
scavenger cholesterol from dying cells to return to the liver
metabolism of fat
fat will enter the cell through lipolysis
if brought through the blood will go into mitochondria
1/2 through glycolysis, glycerol will enter FA will be shuttled through
