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Nutrition exam one > Nutrition Exam 1 > Flashcards

Nutrition Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the worst type of fat

A

Trans fats

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2
Q

What are the types of fatty acids

A

satuarated
monosaturated
polysaturated

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3
Q

types of lipids

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

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4
Q

structure of triglyceride

A

fatty acid- large chair of carbon atoms

glycerol back bone

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5
Q

phospholipid structure

A

soluble in water

1 glycerol back bone and two fatty acids

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6
Q

sterols

A

ring structure

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7
Q

Where does fatty acids enter in the cell

A

mitochondria

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8
Q

what travel with fatty acid in the blood

A

albumin

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9
Q

what happens in the mitchondria

A

fat will use o2 and produce ATP for energy

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10
Q

where fat is absorpbed

A

SI

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11
Q

what molecules make up fat

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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12
Q

Why are phospholipids important

A

cell membrane

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13
Q

blood cholesterol is impacted by by food cholesterol

A

false

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14
Q

most common lipid

A

triglycerides

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15
Q

structure of a tryglyceride

A

3 FAs and 1 glycerol

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16
Q

monosaturated and polysaturated

A

1 double bond

multiple double bonds

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17
Q

What do tryglycerided and phospholipids have in common

A

FA and glycerol

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18
Q

phospholipids and triglycerided have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end

A

F

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19
Q

Poly unsat. are healthy

A

true

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20
Q

omegas are unhealthy

A

no they r healthy

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21
Q

What is EHA and DHA

A

omega

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22
Q

what are ALA

A

flax chia walnut

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23
Q

EHA and DHA

A

algea and fatty fish

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24
Q

Not all fats have fatty acids

A

false

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25
Q

how much of your diet should have fats and what should be trans fats

A

30 % and 10 % of transfats

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26
Q

where does digestions of fat take place

A

small intestine

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27
Q

who can digest fats

A

infants

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28
Q

where is cck released

A

duednum si

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29
Q

where will cck go

A

goes to acessory organs to release bile and lipase

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30
Q

what will triglyceride be broken down to with lipase

A

di and monglyceride

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31
Q

Proteins

A

large complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essential components of all living cells

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32
Q

Whats the building block of proteins

A

amino acids

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33
Q

what provides nitrogen

A

proteins

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34
Q

structure of an amino acid

A

5 parts
central carbon atom
amine group- nitrogen
hydrogen atom
side chain

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35
Q

amino acids

A

nitrogen containing molecules that combine to form proteins

36
Q

essential amino acids

A

amino acids not produced by the body that must be obtained from food

37
Q

how many amino acids are essential

A

9

38
Q

nonessential amino acids

A

manufactured by the body s

39
Q

conditionally essential amino acid

A

amino acids considered to be nonessential but become essential under certain circumstances when the body’s need them excess ability to produce them

39
Q

transamination

A

the process od transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another in order to manufacture a new amino acid

40
Q

peptide bond

A

a unique type of chemical bond in which the amine group of one amino acid binds to the acid group of another in order to manufacture dipeptides and all larger peptide molecules

41
Q

gene expression

A

a gene to make a protein

42
Q

What regulates amino acid binding

A

genes

43
Q

transcription

A

the process through which messenger RNA copies genetic info from DNA in the nucleus

44
Q

What type of digestion occurs in the mouth

A

chemical and mechaincal

45
Q

Whats the main function of the stomach

A

to denature proteins

46
Q

An active protein enzyme

pesinogen
gastrin
HCL acid
Pepsin

A

pepsin

47
Q

Which of the following hormones is responsible for signaling the pyloric sphincter to slow doen and release of chyme

A

cholecystokinin

48
Q

T or F the acessory organs are part of the GI tract

A

False - accessory organs have ducts that dump digestive fluid into GI tract but are not a part of GI tract

49
Q

The tissue in the small intestin increases the surface area by 300 times

A

vili

50
Q

T o F the sodium, potassium, and chloride are product in the large intestine by prebiotic feeding the bacteria

A

False

prebiotics feed on bacteria, vitamin K and short chain fatty acids are produced which are then absorbed by the body

51
Q

Which carbs are not digested by the body

A

oligosaccharides and polysaccharide starches

52
Q

Why are artifical sweeteners bad

A

They provide little to no calories because that are not digested by the bod they can effect insulin efficiency wich can lead type 2 diabetes

53
Q

Allergy vs intolerance

A

allergy cannot have causes and immune respone

intolerance can have a little in small quantities

54
Q

Amylopectin and digestion

A

will be digested rapidly because it is brtanched chain structure has many ends for digestion to occur amylose is a single chain with only 2 ends so it digest slower

55
Q

What hormone increase blood s when levels are low

A

glucagon

56
Q

ATP is produced in which of the 4 metabolic pathways

A

glycolysis
krebs
ETC

57
Q

IS blood Cholesterol affected by consumption of food

A

no

liver will adjust production of cholesterol , BC is affected by the consumption of saturated fats man-made trans fats and processed food

58
Q

HOW ARE phospholips and trigylcerides similar

A

fatty acids and glycerol head

59
Q

trigly. and phosphl have a hyrophobic end and a hydrophilic end

A

yes

glycerol head is hydrophilic
fatty acids are hydrophobic

60
Q

where can you find DHA foods

A

algea and fatty fish

61
Q

what is the purpose of bile

A

to suspend small pieces of fat in the digestive fluid

62
Q

Lipoproteins transport digested lipids from the smal intestin to the liver

A

chylomicron

63
Q

how many essential amino acids for our diet

A

9

63
Q

how are proteins different than carbs and triglycerides

A

nitrogen

64
Q

where does translation occur

A

ribosome

65
Q

know the structure of proteins in the body

the structure of proteins is wheew alpha helix or beta sheet is produced

A

secondary

66
Q

main functions of protein

A

hormones
enzymes
cell repair and function

67
Q

why is protein an ineffecient fuel source

A

it produces inconsistent ATP die to varied entry in the metabolic pathways

68
Q

whats an incomplete protein

A

lacks an amino acid

69
Q

animals proteins

A

are 3 to 4 times the mount of protein in plants

70
Q

digestion of proteins begins in

A

stomach

71
Q

phospholipid function

A

cell membrane bilayer
formation of lipoproteins
component of bile and to emulsify fats for digestion

72
Q

phospholipid structure

A

glycerol head and 2 fatty acid tails

73
Q

sterol

A

multiring structure

74
Q

cholesterol source

A

liver produces based on food intake

75
Q

sterols and stenols

A

block cholesterol absorption

76
Q

how many fatty acids form tryglycerides

A

3

77
Q

saturated

A
78
Q

unstaturated

A
79
Q

transfat

A
80
Q

omegas

A
81
Q

fat (stomach)

liver

pancreas

small intestine

large intestine

A

minor digestion with a lipase enzyme

liver: bile stored in gall bladed released through the bile duct into small instead will emulsify the lipids

pancreas- small mixture of enzymes such as lipase in small intestine

small intestine- primary site for digestion and absorption pf lipids fatty acids can be transferred with lymph

large intestine- will be excreted

82
Q

VLDL

A

transport trig. and cholestorl to the cells

83
Q

LDLS

A

bad cholesterol

TRYG are given to cells of the body changed densisty and becomes LDL

84
Q

HDLS

A

scavenger cholesterol from dying cells to return to the liver

85
Q

metabolism of fat

A

fat will enter the cell through lipolysis

if brought through the blood will go into mitochondria

1/2 through glycolysis, glycerol will enter FA will be shuttled through

Nutrition exam one (2 decks)

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