Nutrition During Pregnancy Flashcards
What is the recommended daily calorie intake during pregnancy?
2,500 kcal
What is the average daily protein requirement during pregnancy?
60 g/day throughout pregnancy
What is the only anthropometric measurement with documented clinical value for assessing gestational weight gain?
Body mass index (BMI; weight/height²)
What BMI is considered underweight?
BMI < 18.5
What BMI range is considered normal weight?
BMI 18.5-24.9
What BMI range is considered overweight?
BMI 25.0-29.9
What BMI is considered obese?
BMI ~30.0
What factors influence gestational weight gain?
Prepregnant weight, low family income, race, age, marital status, educational level, multiple gestation, developing pathology
What are the consequences of low gestational weight gain?
Growth-restricted infants and fetal and infant mortality
What are the consequences of high gestational weight gain?
Greater rate of large infant weight; may increase the risk for several conditions including fetopelvic disproportion, operative delivery, birth trauma, asphyxia, PPH, and mortality
In which individuals are the associations of high gestational weight gain more pronounced?
Short individuals (<157 cm or 62 in)
What is the recommended weight gain for normal prepregnant weight during pregnancy?
0.8 to 1.0 lb per week during the second and third trimesters, totaling 25-35 lb for singleton; 50-62 lb if pregnant with twins.
What is the recommended weight gain for underweight individuals before pregnancy?
1.0 to 1.3 lb per week in the second and third trimesters, totaling 28-40 lb for singleton; 37-54 lb if pregnant with twins.
What is the recommended weight gain for overweight individuals before pregnancy?
0.5 to 0.7 lb per week in the second and third trimesters, totaling 15-25 lb for singleton; 31-50 lb if pregnant with twins.
What is the recommended weight gain for obese individuals before pregnancy?
0.4 to 0.6 lb per week in the second and third trimesters, totaling 11-20 lb for singleton; 25-42 lb if pregnant with twins.
What is diet history in the context of pregnancy nutrition?
The recall of fluid and solid food intake in the last 24 hours to evaluate the adequacy of nutrition and formulate a plan for nutrition counseling.
What are the components of diet history?
Qualitative components of the intake, quantitative components if weight is an issue, and ascertain how typical the last 24-hour intake was relative to the usual intake.
What are the components of diet counseling?
Diet assessment, setting a weight gain goal with the patient, discussing food preferences, reviewing at each visit, and including fetal growth as part of the parameters.
What cultural and personal beliefs may modify a diet plan during pregnancy?
Pica (ingestion of nonfood substances), vegetarianism, hot and cold foods, and discern eating patterns and beliefs pertinent to pregnancy in the individual’s culture.
