Human Reproduction and Fertilization Flashcards
What is the developmental process by which the mature human ovum is formed; haploid number of chromosomes
Oogenesis.
What is the formation of mature functional spermatozoa; haploid number of chromosomes
Spermatogenesis.
What is a process of two successive cell divisions, producing cells, egg, or sperm that contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.
Meiosis
What is a type of cell division of somatic cells in which each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis
What is the haploid number of chromosomes?
The haploid number of chromosomes is 23, possessing half the diploid or normal number of chromosomes (i.e., 46) as found in somatic or body cells.
What is the definition of fertilization?
The union of ovum and spermatozoon; usually occurs in a fallopian tube within minutes or no more than a few hours of ovulation.
When do most pregnancies occur in relation to ovulation?
Most pregnancies occur when intercourse or insemination occurs within 2 days of ovulation.
What is a diploid cell with 46 chromosomes that results from the fertilization of the ovum by a spermatozoon.?
Zygote
What are Daughter cells that result from the mitotic division of the zygote (cleavage)?
blastomeres
What is The solid ball of cells formed by 16 or so blastomeres; it enters the uterine cavity 3 days after fertilization?
Morula
What is a The stage after the morula reaches the uterus, where fluid accumulates between blastomeres?
Blastocyst
What is the embryo stage?
The stage in prenatal development between the fertilized ovum and the fetus (i.e., between 2nd and 8th weeks inclusive).
What is a fetus?
The developing conceptus after the embryonic stage.
What is a conceptus?
All tissue products of conception: embryo or fetus, fetal membranes, and placenta.
What is the definition of implantation of the blastocyst?
The blastocyst adheres to the endometrial epithelium by gently eroding between the epithelial cells of the surface endometrium; invading trophoblasts burrow into the endometrium; the blastocyst becomes encased and covered over by the endometrium.
When does implantation occur?
Implantation occurs 6-7 days after fertilization and usually in the upper, posterior wall of the uterus.
What does implantation provide?
Physiologic exchange between the maternal and embryonic environment prior to full placental function.
