Nutrition Disorders: Overnutrition Flashcards
What is NICE definition of malnutrition?
- a state in which a deficiency of nutrients such as energy, protein, vitamins and minerals causes measurable adverse effects on body composition, function or clinical outcome
What is the definition of obesity accoridng to the WHO?
- a disorder in which excess body fat has accumulated in a patient
- fat may then have adverse health affects
What is are diagnosis cut offs of obesity and overweight using BMI accoridng to the WHO?
- BMI >25kg/m2 overweight
- BMI >30kg/m2 obese
What is are diagnosis cut offs of obesity using waist circumference accoridng to the WHO?
- > 94cm /37 inches in men
- >= 80cm/31.5 inches in women
How do we calculate BMI?
- weight (kg) /height in cm2
- 80kg / 1.86m2 = 24kg/m2
Is waist circumference a measure of central (fat around belly) or general obesity (fat everywhere)?
- central obesity
What is central and general obesity?
- central = fat is centred around chest and abdomen
- general = fat is everywhere
Central obesity (fat centres around the abdomen and chest) are at higher risk of what diseases when compared with general obesity?
- T2D
- CVD
- increased morbidity and mortality
Is BMI validated on <18 and >80 year olds?
- no
Why is it important to use age and gender specific standards and centrile charts?
- age and gender both influence body composition
Instead of using BMI and waist circumference in <18 years olds, what would we use instread?
- age & gender specific standards and centile charts
Can being obese come with an associated stigma?
- yes, can affect the following:
- character = if obese does it mean they are lazy
- intelligence = if obese are they not bery clever
- social class = lower class may be more likley to be obese
- job role = inability to do their job properly
Do patients with a low income consume more or less fruit and vegetables than those with a higher incomes, and total calories?
- low income less fruit and vegetables BUT more total calories
Do patients who are well educated have higher energy expenditure than those who are less well educated?
- educated and energy expenditure are inversely associated
Do obese patients tend to marry earlier or later, and marry oberse or non obese people than those who are not obese?
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- obese people marry later
- obese are more likely to marry obese partners
Do married or single men weight more?
- married men weigh more than single men
If women have more than one child, do they generally return to their previous weight, or do they generally gain weight with each baby?
- weight increases with each child
Are older people who live alone more likley to be underweight than older people livving with someone?
- older people who live alone are more likely to be underweight
Is being obese just down to eating and low physical activity?
- no
- mental health plays a role
According to the WHO what has happened to obesity levels since 1975?
- tripled
In 2016, accoridng to the WHO what % of the worlds population that were >18 years were obese and overweight?
- 39% were overweight
- 13% were obese.
In the majority of the world, is being overweight or underweight associated with higher mortality rates?
- overweight
is obesity and overweight only a problem in high income countries?
- no it is now present in middle and low income countries
In England between 1993 and 2000, what has happened to obestiy and overweight numbers?
- both have increased
- have slowed since 2003, but still rising
