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MCBG > Nutrition, Diet And Body Wieght > Flashcards

Nutrition, Diet And Body Wieght Flashcards

1
Q

Define metabolism

A

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

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2
Q

Define catabolic then anabolic processes

A

Catabolic- break down molecules to release energy in the form of reducing power
Anabolic- use energy + raw materials to make large molecules for growth and maintenance

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3
Q

What is a kilojoules

A

The official standar unit of food energy
Calorie is commonly used (1 cal=1 kcal)
1 kcal=4.2 KJ

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4
Q

What is a kilacal

A

The amount of energy needed to raise temp of 1 kg of water by 1C

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5
Q

List the 9 essential AAs. Why are they essential

A

Essential as body can synth them

Isoleucine, Lysine, Threonine, Histidine, Leucine, Methnine, Phenylanine, Tryptophan, Valine

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6
Q

What are the 3 extra protiens needed by children and pregnant women?

A

Arginine,
Tyrosine
Cytosine

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7
Q

What 2 acids does fat provide the body?

A

Linoleic acid

Linolenic acid

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8
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

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9
Q

What are minerals used for?

A

Ca2+ = signals and bones/teeth
Phosphorous = bones/teeth
Iron = heam +enzyme co-factor
Enzyme cofactors = iron,magnesium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum

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10
Q

What is the name of a Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Xerophthalmia

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11
Q

What fat soluble mineral is Rickets a deficiency of?

A

Vitamin D

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12
Q

What des a vitamin E deficiency cause?

A

Neurological abnormalities

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13
Q

What does a vitamin K deficiency cause?

A

Defective blood clotting

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14
Q

What is Beriberi a deficiency of?

A

Vitamin B1

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15
Q

What is vitamin B12 deficiency called?

A

Aneamia

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16
Q

What does vitamin B6 deficiency cause?

A

Dermatitis and aneamia

17
Q

What does a biotin vitamin deficiency cause?

A

Alopecia, scaly skin and CNS defects

18
Q

What is scurvy a deficiency of?

A

Vitamin C

19
Q

What does a choline deficiency cause?

A

Liver damage

20
Q

What can a folate deficiency cause?

A

Neural tube defects and anemia

21
Q

What defiecncy can cause pellagra (the 3 d’s=diarrhoea, dementia,dermatitis)?

A

Niacin deficency

22
Q

What can a deficency in Pantothenic acid cause?

A

Fatigue and apathy

23
Q

What is ariboflavinosis a deficiency in?

A

Riboflavin

24
Q

Where can we get dietary fibre?

A

IN cereal foods

Cellulose, lignin, pectin and Gum

25
Q

What does our GI tract use our dietary fibre for?

A

It cant break it down but it aids normal function

26
Q

What can a lack of dietary fibre cause?

A

Constipation + bowel cancer

27
Q

What does a high fibre diet help lower?

A

Cholesterol and risk of diabetes

28
Q

What is a dietary reference value?

A

Estimates of energy and nutrients needed by groups of healthy people in the UK

29
Q

What does RNI stand for? And who is it suitable for?

A

Reference Nutrient Intake (used for protein, vitamins + minerals)
Suitable for 50% of people , 50% require more

30
Q

What does EAR stand for? and who is it suitable for?

A

Estimated Average Requirement (used for energy)

Suitable for 97.5% of the population needs

31
Q

What does LRNI stand for? And who is it suitable for?

A

Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (inefficient for most people)
Suitable for lowest 2.5% of people, most need more

32
Q

What is daily expenditure a sum of?

A

BMR (basal metabolic rate) +
DIT(diet induced thermogenesis) +
PAL(physical activity level)

33
Q

What makes up our basal metabolic rate?

A

Cell maintenance + organ function + maintain body temp

34
Q

What factors can effect our BMR?

A

Body size (SA), gender (male higher), enviro temp (cold higher), body temp (12% increase per degree)

35
Q

Where our our bodies energy stores?

A

Short term energy rich molecules in muscle-seconds
Carbs for immediate use-min/hour depending on activity
Long term adipose stores-40 days

In extreme conditions muscle is converted to energy

36
Q

What is obesity?

A

Excess fat accumulates in adipose tissue, impairing health
BMI>30
Major preventable cause of death

37
Q

How do we calculate BMI?

A

Weight (Kg) / Height (M Squared)

38
Q

What risks increase if fat is distributed mainly in the upper body?

A

Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, strokes, death

MCBG (16 decks)

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