Nutrition Deficiency

Question 1

Thiamine deficiency

Answer 1

Vitamin B1
Wet beriberi: Peripheral edema, cardiac failure
Dry beriberi: Muscle wasting, partial paralysis

Question 2

Ariboflavinosis

Answer 2

Vitamin B2- riboflavin
malabsorption
-coenzymes for dehydrogenases (several)
-redox reactions
-Sore throat, hyperemia of pharyngeal mucous membranes, edema of mucous membranes, chelititis, stomatitis, glossitis, normocytic-normochromic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis.

Question 3

Pellagra

Answer 3

Niacin (B3) deficiency, 4 D’s: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death
Malnutrition from alcoholism, bariatric surgery, AN, or malabsorption diseases Clinical manifestations: loss of skin pigmentation

Question 4

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 4

B1 defciency (thiamine) encephalopathy, ataxia, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, confusion
K- psychosis, confabulation

Question 5

Paresthesia and dysesthesias (burning feet syndrome)

Answer 5

Vitamin B5- Pantothenic Acid synthesis of CoA
Deficiency from extreme starvation (exceptionally rare – famine and war), produced by colonic bacteria as well
Dermatitis, numbness, paresthesia and dysesthesias (“burning feet syndrome”

Question 6

Hartnup disease

Answer 6

Niancin deficiency due to the ability to non absorb nonpolar and neutral amino acids (tryptophan which is niancin precursor)

Question 7

Pernicious anemia

Answer 7

Deficiency of Cobalamin (B12)

Question 8

Scurvy

Answer 8

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency
gingivitis, arthralgias and impaired wound healing

Question 9

Childhood rickets or osteomalacia in adults

Answer 9

Vitamin D deficiency
delayed growth, pain in spine, pelvis and legs
Muscle weakness, bowed legs, thickened wrists and ankles, breastbone projection

Question 10

Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD)

Answer 10

B7 deficiency, dermatitis around eyes, nose, and mouth, conjunctivitis, alopecia, and neuro sxs
deficiency from excess consumption of raw egg whites (avidin)

Question 11

Sideroblastic anemia

Answer 11

can’t incorporate iron into heme, can be caused by vitamin B6 deficiency-pyridoxine
dermatits, confusion, irritability, stomatitis, cheilosis

Question 12

Homocysteinemia, Macrocytic megalobastic anemia, spina bifida

Answer 12

B9 deficiency (folic acid)
tetrahydrofolate is a coenzyme for methylation reactions for example transfer/methylation reactions
quickly depleted in alcoholics and pregnancy

Question 13

Vitamin E

Answer 13

essential for normal fetal and childhood development, antioxidant free radical scavenger
malabsorption is rare, issues with fat absorption

Question 14

Xerophthalmia

Answer 14

Vitamin A deficiency - retinol
pathologic dryness of conjunctiva and cornea
bitot spots
cornealxerosis and keratomalacia
frequent infections, pneumonia, bronchitis
usually from extreme malnutrition

Question 15

Vitamin K

Answer 15

Phylloquinone and menaquinone
essential factor for proper blood clotting
deficiency leads to bleeding issues, osteoporosis
dont change diet if starting blood thinners….warfarin