Nutrition & Cognition Flashcards
effects of iron def in early life?
hippocampal deficits & altered myelin
what is iron required for?
DHA synthesis
where is zinc found in high concentrations?
hippocampus
role of zinc?
key modulator of intra and extracellular signalling
what role does zinc play in brain growth?
Important for brain growth during 24-40 weeks gestation & adolescence
what do mild and severe Iodine def result in?
mild- cognitive impairment
severe- cretinism
what is copper important for?
- myelin development
- ferroxidase activity & therefore iron flow into brain
what is choline important for in brain?
proliferation, differentiation & migration of neural stem cells
choline def cause?
spina bifida
important roles of choline ? 2
- important in cell structure (forms acetylcholine & phosphatidylcholine)
- reduces hippocampal apoptosis
- improves learning, visuo spatial & auditory memory
what is B1 important for?
glucose absorption by brain
def of B1 causes?
severe motor & cognitive problems (pseudohypoxia)
what is B6 important for?
- important co-factor in many enzymes
- co-factor in limiting dopamine, norarenaline, serotonin and GABA synthesis
- important for brain glucose regulation
what is B9 (folic acid) important for
- essential for homocysteine metabolism
- production of enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis from amino acids
what is B12 important for?
- essential for homocysteine metabolism
- neurotransmitter synthesis
- myelin sheath
what does hereditary deficiency of b12 result in?
loss of white matter
what is vit C important for?
- essential co-factor for many enzymes
- modulates cholinergic, glutaminergic and catecholaminergic systems
- neuronal development & myelination
def of vit C causes ? (brain)
reduced brain volume
what does vit C affect
folic acid metabolism & iron absorption
what is vit D important for
metabolite induces nerve growth factor (NGF) which promotes neurite growth & inhibits apoptosis
why is vit E important?
prevents lipid peroxidation in membranes; protective
what does vit E deficiency lead to?
cerebellar ataxia neuropathy
what is vit k essential for? (2)
- shingolipid biosynthesis
- activation of vit K dependant proteins involved in neuronal proliferation & myelination
what FA’s are inflammatory and which anti-inflammatory
EPA & DHA- anti inflammatory
AA- pro-inflammatory
