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Nursing 165 > Nutrition Ch 23 > Flashcards

Nutrition Ch 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical and physical processes in which body cells breakdown and utilize food, water and other chemicals.

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2
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down phase of metabolism : breaks down substances for energy

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

The body uses components to build or reconstruct new components or tissue.

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4
Q

Nutrients

A

Come through natural food and artificial substances

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5
Q

Macronutrients

A

Protein, Carbs, Fats, Water

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6
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins, and Minerals

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7
Q

What foods have folic acid in them?

A

Oranges, Orange Juice and Dark green leafy greens

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8
Q

How much Folic Acid should a pregnant women take ?

A

200mcg

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9
Q

What are the recommended requirements for pregnant women?

A

Folic acid 200mcg, double iron, prenatal vitamins, increase calories to 300 more daily

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10
Q

How many extra calories should a lactating mother eat?

A

500

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11
Q

My Plate

A

1/2 plate of fruits and veggies and 1/2 plate of grains and proteins with a small amount of dairy

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12
Q

Define Protein

A

Primary building blocks of body to make new cells.

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13
Q

Functions of Protein

A

New tissue production, necessary components for heat and energy production

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14
Q

3 types of Protein

A

Nonessential, conditional and essential

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15
Q

Define Digestion

A

Process of breaking down food

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16
Q

Nonessential amino acids

A

Produced by liver and are nonessential to our diet

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17
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Most important ; body is unable to produce

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18
Q

Conditional amino acids

A

Ill or stressed

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19
Q

Complete Proteins

A

Contains all 9 essential amino acids and some nonessential : (eggs, cheese, whitefish, and beef.) SOY

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20
Q

Incomplete Proteins

A

Does not contain all 9 essential amino acids; comes from plant source.(corn, beans, brown rice and nuts.)

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21
Q

Severe protein deficiency results in

A

Kwashiorkor

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22
Q

2 incomplete proteins make ?

A

A complete protein-example:(Peanut butter on wheat bread)

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23
Q

Excess protein can play a role in what?

A

Worsening of kidney disease

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24
Q

What is nitrogen balance?

A

Nitrogen and Protein balanced

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25
Q

Excess nitrogen is excreted is?

A

Negative Nitrogen; (causes muscle loss, weight loss, wounds that don’t heal and growth retardation)

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26
Q

What tests are ordered for nitrogen balance?

A

Blood urea nitrogen and 24H urine test

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27
Q

What produces cholesterol?

A

Liver

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28
Q

LDL

A

Transports from liver to cells -BAD-

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29
Q

HDL

A

Transports back to liver from cells -GOOD_

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30
Q

What test is ordered for cholesterol?

A

Lipid Panel

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31
Q

Positive Nitrogen

A

Good for us (growth spurts, and fetus growth)

32
Q

What is Triglycerides?

A

Form of fat stored in body but also found in food

33
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Comes from animal sources : solid at room temp; raises cholesterol

34
Q

Monounsaturated

A

Lowers LDL; good for us ; liquid at room temp

35
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

Decreases risk of DM2 and Cardio disease; good for us

36
Q

Trans Fats

A

Processed foods ; bad for us

37
Q

Functions of Fat

A

Protects our nerves ; converts sunshine to Vit D; helps metabolize fat soluble vitamins

38
Q

Fat Digestion

A

Lingual Lipase - begins in mouth
Gastric Lipase - breaks down fats
Pancreatic Lipase- changes fat molecules absorbed in bloodstream

39
Q

Excess Carbs leads to?

A

Obesity

40
Q

Simple Carbohydrates

A

Simple Sugars

41
Q

Complex Carbohydrates

A

Starches and Fiber

42
Q

True/False

Carbohydrates serve as the primary source of energy

A

True

43
Q

What are the two forms of fiber?

A

Soluble (Digested) Oatmeal and apples; Insoluble(not digested) greens

44
Q

What decreases LDL and reduces the risk of CAD and discourages cancer cell growth?

A

Fiber

45
Q

How much fiber should an average adult take in daily?

A

25-35g increase slowly over 2-4 wks

46
Q

How much Protein should adults take in daily?

A

50-60g

47
Q

Sunlight gives us ?

A

Vitamin D

48
Q

Normal Flora gives us?

A

Vitamin K

49
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B1-B12 and Vit C

50
Q

What does Vit C do for the body?

A

Absorbs iron, vital for wound healing and helps immune system

51
Q

What do B vitamins do for the body?

A

Stimulate appetite, maintain healthy nervous and integumentary systems

52
Q

What is another name for B3 and what does it treat?

A

Niacin ; Hyperlipidemia

53
Q

What is another name for B6 and what does it prevent?

A

Pyridoxine; Peripheral Neuropathy

54
Q

What is another name for B7 and what is it for?

A

Biotin; nails and hair

55
Q

What are the Fat soluble Vitamins?

A

A;D;E;K toxic if take to much ; can be stored in body

56
Q

What is another name for B9 and what does it do for body?

A

Folic Acid; prevents neurotubal defects

57
Q

What does antioxidants do?

A

Deactivate Free Radicals

58
Q

What vitamins are known as antioxidants?

A

Vit A,C,E

59
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A

Calcium 99% in bones and 1% in blood

60
Q

Who is at risk for iron deficiency?

A

Vegetarians unless they eat beans, dried fruit , whole grains or molasses

61
Q

What foods can you get Vit D from ?

A

Beef liver; sunlight : Def of can cause Ricketts in children

62
Q

What foods can you get Vit E from?

A

Avocados, Asaparagus: Def of can cause Peripheral Neuropathy

63
Q

How can we take in Vit K?

A

Made by normal flora, Asaparagus; Helps to clot blood ;Def of can cause excessive bleeding

64
Q

What food can you get B3 from?

A

Meat ; Def of can cause excessive flushing

65
Q

What foods can you get Vit C from?

A

Citrus Fruits, Strawberries: Def of can cause Scurvy

66
Q

What is Wilson’s Disease?

A

Abnormal amount of Copper in body

67
Q

Calcium

A

99% found in bone ; deficiency of Bone and tooth loss; excess of Flatus

68
Q

Iodine

A

Found in saltwater fish and iodized salt; deficiency of Goiter, weight gain; excess of thyroid cancer

69
Q

Iron

A

Found in Molasses and dried fruit; deficiency of Pallor(pale skin); excess of discoloration of skin (yellow)

70
Q

Potassium

A

Found in sweet potatoes and skim milk; deficiency of muscle cramping and weakness ; excess of life threatening arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)

71
Q

Sodium

A

Found in salt and processed food ; deficiency of lethargy; excess of edema and fluid retention

72
Q

What are the functions of water?

A

1) Maintains body temp
2) Transports minerals, vitamins and electrolytes
3) Cushions the brain and spinal cord
4) Lubricates joints
5) Carries toxins and excreted waste products out of the body
6) Moisturizes and lubricates the GI tract to aid the passage of food through intestines

73
Q

What do toddlers and Preschoolers need more of and how much do they need?

A

Diary 2 1/2- 3 cups

74
Q

What do adolescents need more of and how much?

A

Protein 5-6 1/2 oz per day

75
Q

When educating pregnant teens what do you tell them?

A

25-20lbs weight gain during pregnancy, Proper nutrition along with calcium intake, prenatal vitamins and 3 meals a day with 3 healthy snacks

76
Q

How is obesity measured ?

A

BMI- Body Mass Index
18.5-24.9- normal
25-29.9- overweight
30 or greater- obese

Nursing 165 (3 decks)

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