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Nutrition Basics and Nutrition Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What does NHANES assess?

A

Health and nutritional status of adults and children in the U.S.

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2
Q

What are the findings from NHANES?

A
  1. Determine prevelance of major diseases and risk factors for diseases
  2. Assess nutritional status
  3. Basis for national health standards
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3
Q

What are the Dietary Guidelines for Carbs?

A

45-65% of total calories
Little added sugar
Fiber 14 g/ 1000 calories
Limit refined grains

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4
Q

What are the Dietary Guidelines for fats?

A

20-35% of total calories

<300 mg cholesterol

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5
Q

What are the Dietary Guidelines for protein?

A

10-35% of total calories

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6
Q

What are the dietary guidelines for fluid and electrolytes?

A
  1. Fluid follows thirst
  2. Potassium > 4700 mg
  3. Sodium < 2300
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7
Q

What is MYPLATE?

A

Replaced the food pyramid

Broke food into 5 groups

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8
Q

What would the new food label include?

A
  1. Greater understanding of nutrition science
  2. Updated serving size requirements
  3. New labeling requirements for certain package sizes
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9
Q

What is a serving size?

A

Average amount that Americans over the age of 4 consume in a single seating

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10
Q

What is a portion size?

A

Amount of food a person chooses to eat or drink at one time

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11
Q

What does nutrient intake depend on?

A

Actual food intake a person has based on their economic status, eating behaviors, emotional climate, effects of various diseases, and ability to consume adequate nutrients

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12
Q

What are nutrient requirements influenced by?

A

Physiological stressors:

  1. Anabolic states- pregnancy 2.Body maintenance
  2. Well-being
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13
Q

What is nutritional screening?

A

Process of identifying characteristics associated with nutritional problems
pinpoint risk

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14
Q

What is nutritional assessment?

A

Evaluate nutritional status of individuals or populations through measurement of food and nutrient intake

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15
Q

What is looked at for nutritional assessment?

A 
ABCD+ 
A= Anthropometric measurements 
B= Biochemical data, medical tests, and procedures 
C= Clinical/Physical exam findings 
D= Dietary history 
\+ = Client history
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16
Q

What is anthropometrics?

A

science of measuring size, weight, and proportions of the body

17
Q

What are ways of measuring anthropometrics?

A
  1. Height and Weight = BMI

2. Body composition measures

18
Q

Describe skin-fold thickness tests?

A
  • Good for clinical setting
  • validity depends on accuracy
  • accuracy decreases with increasing obesity
19
Q

What is excess abdomen fat a risk factor for?

A

Diseases associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome

20
Q

What is hydrostatic weighing?

A

Submerge someone in water the volume the water is displaced is the volume of the person
Not the most practical

21
Q

What is bioelectrical impedance analysis?

A

Lean tissue has a higher electrical conductivity and lower impedance than fatty tissues

22
Q

What is air displacement plethysmography?

A

BOD-POD

  • measurements of body density to estimate body fat and fat-free masses
  • accurate and reliable
23
Q

What is DXA?

A

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

- assess bone mineral density

24
Q

What are the BMI-for-age percentiles for underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese?

A
  1. Underweight: 95th percentile
25
Q

Waist circumference measurements that lead to risk factor for disease:

A

Men: >40 inches
Women: >35 inches

26
Q

What are the ‘norms’ for body fat percentage?

A

Men: 10-22%
Women: 20-32%

27
Q

What does biochemical measure?

A

nutrient of metabolites in blood, feces, or urine

-caution needs to be used when interpreting data due to disease state and therapy

28
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of malnutrition?

A
  1. Temporal wasting
  2. Depleted muscle bulk
  3. Dehydration
  4. Poor wound healing
  5. Chewing/swallowing difficulties
  6. Abdominal distention
29
Q

What characteristics are needed to show someone is malnutritioned?

A
  1. Insufficient energy intake
  2. Weight loss
  3. Loss of muscle mass
  4. Loss of subcutaneous fat
  5. Localized/generalized fluid accumulation that can mask weight loss
  6. Diminished functional status measured by hand grip strength
30
Q

What are some causes of toxicity?

A
  1. Unusual dietary pattern
  2. Excessive supplementation
  3. Inborn error of metabolism
  4. Environmental contamination
  5. Disease complications
31
Q

What is the nutrition care process developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?

A
  1. Nutrition assessment
  2. Nutrition Diagnosis
  3. Nutrition Intervention
  4. Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Nutition (5 decks)

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