Nutrition Basics and Nutrition Assessment

Question 1

What does NHANES assess?

Answer 1

Health and nutritional status of adults and children in the U.S.

Question 2

What are the findings from NHANES?

Answer 2

1. Determine prevelance of major diseases and risk factors for diseases
2. Assess nutritional status
3. Basis for national health standards

Question 3

What are the Dietary Guidelines for Carbs?

Answer 3

45-65% of total calories
Little added sugar
Fiber 14 g/ 1000 calories
Limit refined grains

Question 4

What are the Dietary Guidelines for fats?

Answer 4

20-35% of total calories

<300 mg cholesterol

Question 5

What are the Dietary Guidelines for protein?

Answer 5

10-35% of total calories

Question 6

What are the dietary guidelines for fluid and electrolytes?

Answer 6

1. Fluid follows thirst
2. Potassium > 4700 mg
3. Sodium < 2300

Question 7

What is MYPLATE?

Answer 7

Replaced the food pyramid

Broke food into 5 groups

Question 8

What would the new food label include?

Answer 8

1. Greater understanding of nutrition science
2. Updated serving size requirements
3. New labeling requirements for certain package sizes

Question 9

What is a serving size?

Answer 9

Average amount that Americans over the age of 4 consume in a single seating

Question 10

What is a portion size?

Answer 10

Amount of food a person chooses to eat or drink at one time

Question 11

What does nutrient intake depend on?

Answer 11

Actual food intake a person has based on their economic status, eating behaviors, emotional climate, effects of various diseases, and ability to consume adequate nutrients

Question 12

What are nutrient requirements influenced by?

Answer 12

Physiological stressors:

1. Anabolic states- pregnancy 2.Body maintenance
2. Well-being

Question 13

What is nutritional screening?

Answer 13

Process of identifying characteristics associated with nutritional problems
pinpoint risk

Question 14

What is nutritional assessment?

Answer 14

Evaluate nutritional status of individuals or populations through measurement of food and nutrient intake

Question 15

What is looked at for nutritional assessment?

Answer 15

ABCD+ 
A= Anthropometric measurements 
B= Biochemical data, medical tests, and procedures 
C= Clinical/Physical exam findings 
D= Dietary history 
\+ = Client history

Question 16

What is anthropometrics?

Answer 16

science of measuring size, weight, and proportions of the body

Question 17

What are ways of measuring anthropometrics?

Answer 17

1. Height and Weight = BMI

2. Body composition measures

Question 18

Describe skin-fold thickness tests?

Answer 18

• Good for clinical setting
• validity depends on accuracy
• accuracy decreases with increasing obesity

Question 19

What is excess abdomen fat a risk factor for?

Answer 19

Diseases associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome

Question 20

What is hydrostatic weighing?

Answer 20

Submerge someone in water the volume the water is displaced is the volume of the person
Not the most practical

Question 21

What is bioelectrical impedance analysis?

Answer 21

Lean tissue has a higher electrical conductivity and lower impedance than fatty tissues

Question 22

What is air displacement plethysmography?

Answer 22

BOD-POD

• measurements of body density to estimate body fat and fat-free masses
• accurate and reliable

Question 23

What is DXA?

Answer 23

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

- assess bone mineral density

Question 24

What are the BMI-for-age percentiles for underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese?

Answer 24

1. Underweight: 95th percentile

Question 25

Waist circumference measurements that lead to risk factor for disease:

Answer 25

Men: >40 inches
Women: >35 inches

Question 26

What are the ‘norms’ for body fat percentage?

Answer 26

Men: 10-22%
Women: 20-32%

Question 27

What does biochemical measure?

Answer 27

nutrient of metabolites in blood, feces, or urine

-caution needs to be used when interpreting data due to disease state and therapy

Question 28

What are some signs and symptoms of malnutrition?

Answer 28

1. Temporal wasting
2. Depleted muscle bulk
3. Dehydration
4. Poor wound healing
5. Chewing/swallowing difficulties
6. Abdominal distention

Question 29

What characteristics are needed to show someone is malnutritioned?

Answer 29

1. Insufficient energy intake
2. Weight loss
3. Loss of muscle mass
4. Loss of subcutaneous fat
5. Localized/generalized fluid accumulation that can mask weight loss
6. Diminished functional status measured by hand grip strength

Question 30

What are some causes of toxicity?

Answer 30

1. Unusual dietary pattern
2. Excessive supplementation
3. Inborn error of metabolism
4. Environmental contamination
5. Disease complications

Question 31

What is the nutrition care process developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?

Answer 31

1. Nutrition assessment
2. Nutrition Diagnosis
3. Nutrition Intervention
4. Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation