Nutrition and Metabolism Flashcards
Protein should comprise what proportion of our diet?
15-20%
What name is given to the bonds between phosphate groups in ATP?
Phosphoanhydride
Which enzyme catalyses the formation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate?
Pyruvate kinase
How many protein complexes (excluding ATP synthase) make up the ETC?
4
Deficiency of which vitamin causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Thiamin
For a 12 carbon fatty acid, how many β-oxidation cycles are undergone and how many acetyl-CoA molecules are formed?
5 & 6
McArdle’s disease is caused by a deficiency of which enzyme?
Glycogen phosphorylase
A child is 65% of average weight and has oedema; which of these conditions do they suffer from? A) Marasmus B) Pellagra C) Kwashiorkor D) Marasmic-Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor
A deficiency in lipoprotein lipase will lead to?
Increase in chylomicrons in blood
Subject consumes 500g of glucose every day for a few days, then stops eating altogether. When would urea production be at its highest?
After 24 hours, 4 days, 1 week, 40 days?
24 hours
Why is lipoprotein (a) a risk factor for CVD?
Inhibits breakdown of fibrin clots
Why does muscle protein breakdown slow after a few days of starvation?
Brain uses ketone bodies
Which vitamin is needed as a coenzyme for transamination + deamination reactions?
Pyrodoxine
Which vitamin is needed as a coenzyme for reaction pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
Thiamin
Which type of glc transporter is found on pancreatic beta cells?
GLUT 2
Which is not a risk factor for obesity?
Smoking
Which hormone is secreted from stomach Parietal cells + signals hunger?
Ghrehlin
Which hormone inhibits secretion of insulin?
Adrenaline
Which change in blood profile would be caused by deficiency/ mutation of apoprotein C-II
Increase in triacylglycerol concentration
Which apoprotein is necessary for lipoprotein remnant uptake by liver?
Apo E
Which apoprotein activates lipoprotein lipase?
Apo C-II
What property do vitamins A, C and E have in common?
They are antioxidants
What percentage of energy content of British diet is fat?
40%
What is energy content of alcohol in kcal/g?
7 (4 in carbs, 5.4 in proteins)
What is wichtig criterion of normailty for a gluclose tolerance test?
Blood glc returns to normal fasting level by 2 hours
What do DoH dietary recommendations actually recommend?
EAR + 2 S.D
Pernicious anaemia results from deficiency of?
Intrinsic factor
Long term antibiotic therapy can lead to deficiency of?
VItamin K
Insulin inhibits activity of this enzyme involved in fat metabolism?
Hormone sensitive lipase
How many people in a society would get sufficient amount of a nutrient of they consumed EAR?
50%
How does Akt/PKB inhibit hormone sensitive lipase in adipocytes?
It phosphorylates + activates phosphodiesterase
How does B12 deficiency create a functional folate deficiency?
X allow removal of methyl group from MeTHF
Haemorrhagic disease of newborn is due to deficiency of?
Vitamin K
For food to be called light/lite, it must have?
Less of energy than a food it is compared to, less of fat than food it is compared to, 1/2 salt of a food it is compared to
Familial hypercholesterolaemia is caused by mutation in which protein?
B-100 receptor
British group of which origin has highest incidence of strokes, diabetes and hypertension?
South Asia
