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FBS1 > Functional Anantomy + Embryology > Flashcards

Functional Anantomy + Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Unilateral contraction of the abdominal external oblique muscle causes which movement?

A

Contralateral rotation

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2
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

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3
Q

From which artery does the right gastric artery arise in most people?

A

Common hepatic artery

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4
Q

At which level does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta?

A

T12

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5
Q 
Which of these is intraperitoneal? 
A) Ascending colon 
B) Transverse colon 
C) Descending colon  
D) Rectum
A

Transverse colon

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6
Q 
Which embryological structure forms the gallbladder? 
A) Foregut  
B) Midgut   
C) Hindgut    
D) Allantois
A

Foregut

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7
Q

Where are components of Herring bodies synthesised?

A

Pre-optic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

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8
Q

Nuclei of which cells are most frequently stained in neurohypophysis?

A

Pituicytes and endothelial cells

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9
Q

Which adenohypophysis cells stain deep blue with trichrome /PAS stains?

A

Basophils

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10
Q

One possible role for chromaphobes in adenohypophysis

A

Stem cells

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11
Q

What hormones released from neurohypophysis

A

ADH and oxytocin

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12
Q

What hormones released from basophils?

A

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

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13
Q

What hormones released from acidophils?

A

Growth hormone + prolactin

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14
Q

Which cells are regulated by releasing hormones from hypothalamus?

A

Basophils

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15
Q

How do releasing hormones from hypothalamus reach pituitary?

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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16
Q

What do both calcitonin + parathyroid hormone regulate?

A

Ca homeostasis

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17
Q

How is parathyroid structure typical of most endocrine glands?

A

Cells arranged in cords alongside an extensive capillary bed

18
Q

What structural features of thyroid gland is unusual?

A

Follicles

19
Q

Thyroid parafollicular cells produce?

A

Calcitonin

20
Q

What is unique to thyroid gland amongst all endocrine organs?

A

Hormone stored in inactive form outside cells

21
Q

Mature hormones produced by thyroid follicular cells called?

A

T3 + T4 (tri-iodothyronine and tetra-iodothyronine)

22
Q

Which AA is mature thyroid hormones related to?

A

Tyrosine

23
Q

Inactive hormone precursor produced by thyroid follicular cells is?

A

Thyroglobulin (thyroid colloid)

24
Q

What hormone is produced by parathyroid cells?

A

Parathyroid hormone

25
Q

What region(s) arise from neural crest in embyro?

A

Adrenal medulla

26
Q

Which organ is adrenal gland’s fibrous capsule continuous with?

A

Kidney

27
Q

Which region (s) of adrenal gland are regulated by sympathetic input?

A

Adrenal medulla

28
Q

Which regions arise from part of lining of abdominal cavity (coelom) in embyro?

A

Adrenal cortex

29
Q

Which region(s) are controlled by ACTH from pituitary?

A

Zona fasciculata, Zona rericularis

30
Q

What do delta cells secrete?

A

Somastostatin

31
Q

What proportion of islet cells produce insulin?

A

80%

32
Q

Which technique can be used to detect insulin producing cells in an islet?

A

Immunohistochemistry

33
Q

Which technique could be used to detect gene changes in an individual carrying familial (Type 1) diabetes?

A

PCR

34
Q

What is embryonic origin of adenohypophysis?

A

Up growth roof of buccal cavity

35
Q

Embryonic origin of neurohypophysis?

A

Downgrowth from floor of hypothalamus

36
Q

What are Herring bodies found in neurohypophysis?

A

Aggregations of secretory granules (vesicles) within axons

37
Q

Where does endocytosed protein come from and what is it’s fate?

A

Blood being filtered from renal corpuscle

Absorbed into cells of proximal convoluted tubules + destroyed by lysosomes

38
Q

Permeability of collecting ducts regulated by ADH, only 9 AA long. If hormone is present in blood stream, would you expect it to be present:
Ultrafiltrate collected in bowman’s capsule?
Lumen of collective tubule?
In urine?

A

Yes
No
Yes

39
Q

Apart from bladder, where is urinary epithelium found?

A

Ureter and urethra

40
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

Bundles of collecting tubules and ducts

41
Q

Function of medullary rays?

A

Draining nephrons

42
Q

Where are medullary rays located?

A

In medulla

FBS1 (5 decks)

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