Nutrition and Metabolism Flashcards
what is nutrition
the sum of all the interactions between an organism and the food it consumes; nutrients include: water, carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals
what is metabolism
all biochemical and physiologic processes by which body grows and maintains itself; breaks down and reshapes tissue; produces heat
Nursing assessment: nursing History
-eating habits and patterns
- food allergies/preferences/dislikes
- cultural implications
- difficulty eating/swallowing
- weight change in the last 2 weeks/3 months
- nutritional supplements
- medications taken/ alcohol a day
- having stove/ refrigerators/ ability to obtain food
Nursing Assessment: Physical Assessment
inspect hair, skin, mucous membranes, muscle tone, reflexes, condition of mouth and teeth, height, and weight ( IBW, weight change like significant loss)
Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- height and weight: IBW
men: 106+6lb for every inch over 5’’
women: 100+5lb for every inch over 5’
Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- height and weight: weight change
amount of weight change x 100/ usual weight
significant loss 1-2% in a week, 5% in a month, 7.5% in 3 months, 10% in 6 months
Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- BMI
<18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25-29.9 Overweight
>30 Obese
Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- Anthropometric measurementsa
systematic measuring size and makeup of the body; skin fold measurement indicates the amount of stored body fat
Laboratory Data: Hemoglobin & hematocrit
low hgb = low iron this is more likely in those that mensurate
high hct = dehydration
Laboratory Data: serum albumin
half-life of 20 days and indicates long-standing protein depletion which keeps water in the blood
Normal: 3.5-5.5 g/dl
severe depletion: <2.5 g/dl
Laboratory Data: prealbumin
the half-life of two days
normal > 15 mg/dl
Laboratory Data: Transferrin
blood protein; half-life 7-8 days
normal 200-400 mg/dl
low with protein depletion and high with iron deficiency anemia
Laboratory Data: Total Lymphocyte count
low with protein depletion– should b 25-45%
Normal 2500
mild depletion <1500
moderate <1200
severe<800
Cholesterol
infant 90-130mg/dl
child 130-170mg/dl
adult desirable < 200 mg/dl
HDL (good) >45 (male); >55 (female)
LDL (bad) <130
Laboratory Data: triglycerides
infant 5-40mg/dl
child 10-135mg/dl
adult <190mg/dl
Laboratory Data: Blood Glucose (FBS) 8 hour fating
Newborns 30-80 mg/dl
child 60-100mg/dl
Adult 70-110mg/dl
low blood sugar is a danger to the brain
takes about 2 hours to come down from high
Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Nutritional Intake
decrease in the amount of food and nutrients ingested
Projected outcomes NOC: Nutritional status
food and fluid intake
body mass index
weight/biochemical measures
Projected outcomes NOC: Weight control
demonstrates progress toward target weight
balances exercise with caloric intake
maintains recommended eating patterns
Interventions
educate the family about a healthy diet with considerations of special diets
provide the client with an appropriate diet
target appetite
assist with eating
diet supplementation
provide appropriate activity
collaborate with others to promote nutrition
implementation
