Nutrition and Feeding

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

utilization of food; metabolism

Question 2

What 3 things does nutrition go towards in the body?

Answer 2

maintenance/health, growth, reproduction

Question 3

What is metabolism?

Answer 3

converts nutrients into energy to build

Question 4

What are the 2 types of metabolism?

Answer 4

• catabolism
• anabolism

Question 5

What is catabolism?

Answer 5

breaking down nutrients into energy/pieces.

Question 6

What is anabolism?

Answer 6

making new structures

Question 7

What are the 3 primary categories of nutrients?

Answer 7

water
macronutrients
micronutrients

Question 8

What is the common structure of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ONLY

Question 9

What is the most common carb?

Answer 9

Glucose

Question 10

What 3 things do carbs add to the diet?

Answer 10

• palatability
• variety
• nutrients

Question 11

what happens to excess carbs?

Answer 11

become fat

Question 12

What are 4 carb sources for cats and dogs? What are all of those things?

Answer 12

• wheat
• corn
• rice
• barley
  (Seeds of grasses)

Question 13

What are carbs (like grass seeds) high in?

Answer 13

Starch

Question 14

What are carbs (like grass seeds) low in?

Answer 14

calcium, other nutrients

Question 15

What are 3 results of too much carbohydrate?

Answer 15

• calcium deficiency
• protein deficiency
• obesity

Question 16

What is the chem structure for fats?

Answer 16

C-H-O different from carbs

Question 17

What do fats do?

Answer 17

supply important energy to supply ATP to mitochondria

Question 18

What are the 2 types of essential fatty acids?

Answer 18

Omega-3
Omega-6

Question 19

What type of fatty acid is required in highest amounts in cats and dogs?

Answer 19

linoleic acid

Question 20

What type of fatty acid is required in the diet of cats only? What type of fatty acid is it? Where is it found?

Answer 20

Arachidonic acid; Omega-6; only in animal fats

Question 21

What are 3 benefits of fat in the diet?

Answer 21

skin
hair
coat health

Question 22

What are three functions of essential fatty acids?

Answer 22

• cell membrane function
• hormone production
• immunity

Question 23

Where do the fats in pet food come from?

Answer 23

grease

Question 24

What are the 2 types of grease?

Answer 24

Yellow and white

Question 25

What are 2 sources of omega-6 essential fatty acids?

Answer 25

- plant based oils - animal based fats

Question 26

What is 1 source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer 26

cold water fatty fish

Question 27

What are proteins made of? What is their chemical composition?

Answer 27

made up of amino acids; C, H, O N

Question 28

What are the two functions of amino acids

Answer 28

structure and function

Question 29

How many amino acids exist?

Answer 29

22

Question 30

How many animo acids are required by dogs? Cats?

Answer 30

Dogs: 10, Cats: 11

Question 31

What is the amino acid required by cats, but not dogs?

Answer 31

taurine

Question 32

What are some animal sources of protein? plant sources?

Answer 32

animal: chicken, lamb, fishmeal, egg, beef plant: corn gluten meal, soybean meal

Question 33

What 2 qualities must protein have?

Answer 33

- bioavailability (how much of the food is useful) - digestibility

Question 34

What organ is most affected by too much protein?

Answer 34

Kidneys

Question 35

Who needs more protein: cats or dogs?

Answer 35

cats

Question 36

What does organic mean in terms of vitamins?

Answer 36

comes from plants and/or animals, cannot be made in the body

Question 37

What is vitamin A required for? (5 things)

Answer 37

vision skin hair mucous membrane teeth

Question 38

What are some sources of vitamin A?

Answer 38

liver, fish liver oil, egg yolks, sweet potato, carrots, kale

Question 39

How many required vitamins are there?

Answer 39

15

Question 40

Absence of a vitamin =

Answer 40

deficiency

Question 41

4 things vitamin D is required for

Answer 41

- phosphorus and calcium - absorption and retention

Question 42

sources of vitamin D:

Answer 42

liver, fish, egg yolks, dairy, beef

Question 43

What is vitamin E required for? (2 things)

Answer 43

- antioxidant - membrane integrity

Question 44

What is the most active form of vitamin E?

Answer 44

alpha-tocopherol

Question 45

What is vitamin K required for?

Answer 45

blood clotting

Question 46

Vitamin K sources

Answer 46

green, leafy vegetables egg yolk meat liver

Question 47

What is vitamin B complex essential for?

Answer 47

enzyme components co-factors for metabolism

Question 48

sources of vitamin B complex

Answer 48

- brewer's yeast - meat, fish, eggs - cereal grains

Question 49

What 3 types of vitamin do cats need?

Answer 49

- performed vitamin A - niacin (vitamin B3) - Higher quantities of vitamin B6