Nutrition and Feeding Flashcards
What is nutrition?
utilization of food; metabolism
What 3 things does nutrition go towards in the body?
maintenance/health, growth, reproduction
What is metabolism?
converts nutrients into energy to build
What are the 2 types of metabolism?
- catabolism
- anabolism
What is catabolism?
breaking down nutrients into energy/pieces.
What is anabolism?
making new structures
What are the 3 primary categories of nutrients?
water
macronutrients
micronutrients
What is the common structure of carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ONLY
What is the most common carb?
Glucose
What 3 things do carbs add to the diet?
- palatability
- variety
- nutrients
what happens to excess carbs?
become fat
What are 4 carb sources for cats and dogs? What are all of those things?
- wheat
- corn
- rice
- barley
(Seeds of grasses)
What are carbs (like grass seeds) high in?
Starch
What are carbs (like grass seeds) low in?
calcium, other nutrients
What are 3 results of too much carbohydrate?
- calcium deficiency
- protein deficiency
- obesity
What is the chem structure for fats?
C-H-O different from carbs
What do fats do?
supply important energy to supply ATP to mitochondria
What are the 2 types of essential fatty acids?
Omega-3
Omega-6
What type of fatty acid is required in highest amounts in cats and dogs?
linoleic acid
What type of fatty acid is required in the diet of cats only? What type of fatty acid is it? Where is it found?
Arachidonic acid; Omega-6; only in animal fats
What are 3 benefits of fat in the diet?
skin
hair
coat health
What are three functions of essential fatty acids?
- cell membrane function
- hormone production
- immunity
Where do the fats in pet food come from?
grease
What are the 2 types of grease?
Yellow and white
What are 2 sources of omega-6 essential fatty acids?
- plant based oils
- animal based fats
What is 1 source of omega-3 fatty acids?
cold water fatty fish
What are proteins made of? What is their chemical composition?
made up of amino acids; C, H, O N
What are the two functions of amino acids
structure and function
How many amino acids exist?
22
How many animo acids are required by dogs? Cats?
Dogs: 10, Cats: 11
What is the amino acid required by cats, but not dogs?
taurine
What are some animal sources of protein? plant sources?
animal: chicken, lamb, fishmeal, egg, beef
plant: corn gluten meal, soybean meal
What 2 qualities must protein have?
- bioavailability (how much of the food is useful)
- digestibility
What organ is most affected by too much protein?
Kidneys
Who needs more protein: cats or dogs?
cats
What does organic mean in terms of vitamins?
comes from plants and/or animals, cannot be made in the body
What is vitamin A required for? (5 things)
vision
skin
hair
mucous membrane
teeth
What are some sources of vitamin A?
liver, fish liver oil, egg yolks, sweet potato, carrots, kale
How many required vitamins are there?
15
Absence of a vitamin =
deficiency
4 things vitamin D is required for
- phosphorus and calcium
- absorption and retention
sources of vitamin D:
liver, fish, egg yolks, dairy, beef
What is vitamin E required for? (2 things)
- antioxidant
- membrane integrity
What is the most active form of vitamin E?
alpha-tocopherol
What is vitamin K required for?
blood clotting
Vitamin K sources
green, leafy vegetables
egg yolk
meat
liver
What is vitamin B complex essential for?
enzyme components
co-factors for metabolism
sources of vitamin B complex
- brewer’s yeast
- meat, fish, eggs
- cereal grains
What 3 types of vitamin do cats need?
- performed vitamin A
- niacin (vitamin B3)
- Higher quantities of vitamin B6
