Nutrition and Energy Balance Flashcards
What is the definition of ‘nutrition’?
The intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs.
What is the definition of ‘malnutrition’?
When a person’s diet does not provide enough nutrients or the right balance of nutrients required to maintain good health.
What are the 6 nutrients essential for survival?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
What is the energy content of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
- Carbs - 4 kcal/g
- Fats - 9 kcal/g
- Proteins - 4 kcal/g
What is the recommended % of energy intake for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
- Carbs - 50-75%
- Fats - 15-30%
- Proteins - 10-20%
What is the thermic effect of food?
The amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and metabolise the food you eat.
What is the definition of BMR?
Your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories you burn as your body performs basic (basal) life-sustaining function.
What are the 3 categories of energy expenditure?
- Basal metabolism
- Physical activities
- Thermic effect of food
In what way does height and weight affect BMR?
BMR increases as surface area increases.
In what way does body composition affect BMR?
Fat tissue has lower metabolic activity than muscle tissue - as lean muscle mass increases, metabolic rate increases.
What is sarcopenia?
Age-related degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength.
In what way does climate affect BMR?
People living in very cold or very hot climates generally have a higher BMR, since energy is required for temperature homeostasis.
How does Nicotine affect BMR?
Increases BMR.
What is the storage molecule of carbohydrates?
Glycogen
What is the storage molecule of fats?
Triglycerides
