Nutrition and Digestion

Question 1

name 3 examples of where you can find minerals

Answer 1

meat/milk/salt

Question 2

name 3 foods where you can find fibre

Answer 2

vegetables/fruit/cereals

Question 3

what is fibre used for?

Answer 3

fibre helps food move through your digestive system

Question 4

define mastacation

Answer 4

the first step of digestion- to crush down food with your teeth (an example of MECHANICALLY breaking down food)

Question 5

name 3 examples of where you can find vitamins

Answer 5

vegetables/fruit/cereals

Question 6

what are lipids used for

Answer 6

energy

Question 7

give 3 examples of where lipids are found

Answer 7

butter/cooking oil/cream

Question 8

what are proteins used for?

Answer 8

building cells

Question 9

name 3 examples of a source of protein

Answer 9

meat/eggs/fish

Question 10

what are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 10

energy

Question 11

name 3 examples of a carbohydrate

Answer 11

bread/potatoes/cereal

Question 12

define a ‘balanced diet’

Answer 12

eating the right amounts so that the body gets the nutrients it needs

Question 13

name the seven nutrients needed for a balanced diet

Answer 13

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water.

Question 14

what is the unit for energy?

Answer 14

J/kJ (joules/kilojoules)

Question 15

Explain the part the LIVER plays i the digestive process

Answer 15

• makes bile
• bile breaks fat into tiny droplets (emulsification)
• bile is alkaline to give the right pH for the enzymes in the small intestine

Question 16

Explain the part the MOUTH plays in the digestive process

Answer 16

• digestion starts here

- salvia contains enzyme (amylase) that breaks down carbohydrates

Question 17

Explain the part the OESOPHEGUS plays in the digestive process

Answer 17

• food pipe

- links mouth to stomach

Question 18

Explain the part the STOMACH plays in the digestive process

Answer 18

• food mixes with protease enzymes which digest proteins
• stomach’s muscular tissue moves stomach wall and churns up food
• hydrochloric acid kills harmful bacteria and gives a low pH for the enzymes to work

Question 19

Explain the part the LARGE INTESTINE plays in the digestive process

Answer 19

-water is absorbed so we don’t shrivel up

Question 20

Explain the part the RECTUM plays in the digestive process

Answer 20

• food usually contains some materials that we can’t digest
• this undigested food is stored as faeces
• faeces drops out of anus (egestion)
• end of digestive process

Question 21

Explain the part the PANCREAS plays in the digestive process

Answer 21

• the pancreas contains glandular tissue, which makes three enzymes:
• PROTEase digests PROTEin
• CARBOHYDRAse digests CARBOHYDRAtes
• LIPase digests LIPids

Question 22

Explain the part the SMALL INTESTINE plays in the digestive process

Answer 22

• produces more enzymes to further digest proteins, carbs and fats
• food is also absorbed through the gut wall into the blood, which then takes it around the body to wherever it’s needed

Question 23

what can’t pass through the gut wall?

Answer 23

big, insoluble molecules

Question 24

what are used to break up big molecules into smaller, soluble ones?

Answer 24

enzymes

Question 25

small molecules pass through the gut wall into..

Answer 25

the blood

Question 26

what happens after the molecules enter the blood?

Answer 26

they are carried around the body, before passing into cells where they are used

Question 27

where are food molecules absorbed into the blood?

Answer 27

in the small intestine

Question 28

what is the small intestine lined with?

Answer 28

villi

Question 29

why are villi perfect for absorbing food?

Answer 29

• they have a thin outer layer of cells
• they have a good blood supply
• they provide a large surface area for absorbtion

Question 30

bacteria are..

Answer 30

unicellular organisms

Question 31

roughly how many bacterial cells are there in the alimentary canal?

Answer 31

100 trillion

Question 32

where are most of the bacterial cells found?

Answer 32

in the end part of the intestines

Question 33

what can GOOD bacteria do?

Answer 33

• produce enzymes that help digest food
• make useful vitamins eg. vitamin K
• produce useful hormones
• reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestine and making you ill