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Biology > DNA, Inheritance and Variation > Flashcards

DNA, Inheritance and Variation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does the nucleus contain?

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

Different genes control…

A

different chromosomes

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3
Q

what do genes control?

A

many of our characteristics eg. hair colour, eye colour, hairiness etc.

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4
Q

what is a gene?

A

a short section of a chromosome (and so a short list of DNA)

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5
Q

What’s DNA?

A

a long list of chemical instructions on how to build an organism

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6
Q

what are chromosomes?

A

long, coiled up lengths of a molecule called DNA

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7
Q

how do genes work?

A

in pairs- one will usually be dominant over the other

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8
Q

how many chromosomes do human body cells have?

A

46 (23 pairs)

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9
Q

how many chromosomes do sperm and egg cells have?

A

23

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10
Q

what happens when an egg is fertilised?

A

the nucleus of the egg fuses with the nucleus of the sperm

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11
Q

define heredity

A

the process by which genes are passed down from parents to their offspring

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12
Q

who were the first scientists to build a model of DNA and when?

A

Crick and Watson in 1953

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13
Q

DNA is..

A

a double helix

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14
Q

define a double helix

A

a spiral made of two chains wound together

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15
Q

why are there differences between species

A

due to having different genes

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16
Q

differences are known as..

A

characteristic features

17
Q

how do characteristic features occur

A

they can be:

  • inherited (come from your parents via genes)
  • environmental (caused by your surroundings)
18
Q

variation within a species can either be classed as..

A

continuous or discontinuous

19
Q

examples continuous variation:

A

-height, weight, skin colour, intelligence, leaf area

20
Q

continuous variation is where..

A

the feature can vary over a range of values/can have any value at all-within a certain range

21
Q

continuous variation is plotted on a graph using a..

A

distribution curve

22
Q

discontinuous variation is where..

A

the feature can only take certain values

23
Q

examples of a discontinuous variation

A

a person’s blood group, the colour of a courgette

Biology (3 decks)

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