Nutrition and Diets: 6 questions Flashcards
What are the three things that make up macronutrients?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids (fats)
What are the three things that make up micronutrients?
Water
Vitamins
-Fat-soluble vitamins
-Water-soluble vitamins
Minerals
What is the body’s main source of energy?
Glucose
What do carbohydrates primarily comes from?
plants
What are the two simple carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Proteins are made up of what?
Amino acids
What are examples of complete proteins and what do they contain?
- Contain all essential amino acids
- Fish, poultry, beef, milk, cheese, eggs, soy
what are examples Incomplete Proteins and what are they missing?
- Missing some needed amino acids
- Grains, seeds, nuts, legumes, some vegetables
What are the two different types of lipids?
- Triglycerides (fats/oils)
- Fatty Acids
3 fatty acids + a glycerol is what?
Triglycerides (fats/oils)
What fatty acid is solid at room temperature and what are the examples?
Saturated ex: animal fats and coconut oil
Saturated, trans fat, or unsaturated goes under what lipid category?
Fatty Acids
what fatty acid is solid/semi-solid at room temperature is what?
trans fat
what fatty acid is liquid (unsolid) at room temperature?
unsaturated
What are the two unsaturated fats groups?
-Monounsaturated
-Polyunsaturated
What unsaturated fats are one carbon molecule. Olive oil, canola oil, avocados?
Monounsaturated
What group of unsaturated fats are Multiple carbon bonds. Salmon, vegetable oils, nuts/seeds?
Polyunsaturated
What unsaturated fats are Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids essential for brain function?
Polyunsaturated
What fatty acid category:
Raises bad cholesterol (LDL) levels & lower good cholesterol (HDL)
Increases risk of stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Trans fat
what fatty acid group is Partially hydrogenated oils: margarine, fried foods, commercial baked goods?
trans fat
what fatty acids Raise serum cholesterol & increase heart disease risk?
saturated
water is what percentage of total body weight?
60%-70%
what vitamins are fat-soluble?
K, A, D, E
what vitamins are water-soluble?
C & B complex (needed everyday)
what minerals category are Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, manganese, chromium, copper and is < 100 mg daily?
Microminerals
what minerals category are Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, potassium and is 100 mg or > daily?
Macrominerals
if you see theses Warning signs you know the patient has what?
Cough during eating
Change of voice after swallowing
Abnormal movement of mouth/tongue/lips Speech abnormalities
Abnormal gag reflex
Delayed swallowing
Food pocketing
Regurgitation
Pharyngeal pooling
Poor control over saliva management
Dysphagia
A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is what kind of weight?
healthy weight
A BMI of 25-29.9 is what kind of weight?
overweight
A BMI of >30 is what kind of weight?
obesity
What is finely chopped foods that reduce the need to chew bananas, not fried eggs but regular eggs?
Mechanical soft
What two ways would you fix a patients food if they have dysphagia?
- thickened liquids
- pureed
< 10% dextrose, lipids, amino acids
does this pertain to central or peripheral line?
peripheral
If aspiration occurs what is the first thing you do?
stop the feeding
Subclavian or internal jugular vein
Used for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) & 10% or > dextrose
Does this pertain to central or peripheral line?
central
