Nutrition and diet

Question 1

Define energy

Answer 1

capacity to do work

Question 2

What do we use energy for in the body

Answer 2

• biosynthesis
• transport
• mechanical
• electrical

Question 3

What is the unit for food energy

Answer 3

Kilojoule

Question 4

What is the main form of energy in our body

Answer 4

chemical bond energy

Question 5

What is an exergonic reaction

Answer 5

energy released greater than input

Question 6

What is an endergonic reaction

Answer 6

energy input greater than released

Question 7

What is the daily energy expenditure of a 70kg male

Answer 7

12,000 Kj

Question 8

List all essential components of diet

Answer 8

• carbs
• proteins
• fat
• minerals and vitamins
• fibre
• water

Question 9

What are the components of daily energy expenditure

Answer 9

• basal metabolic rate
• diet induced thermogenesis
• physical activity

Question 10

What is the equation for BMI

Answer 10

weight (Kg) / height 2 (m)

Question 11

What is the BMI range for underweight

Answer 11

<18.5

Question 12

What is the BMI range for desirable weight

Answer 12

18.5 - 24.9

Question 13

What is the BMI range for overweight

Answer 13

25 - 29.9

Question 14

What is the BMI range for obese

Answer 14

30- 34.9

Question 15

What is the BMI range for morbidly obese

Answer 15

> 35

Question 16

Describe how kwashikor is developed

Answer 16

young child displaced from breastfeeding to high carb (cassava) low protein diet

Question 17

What are the symptoms of kwashikors

Answer 17

• lethargic
• generalised and pitting odema
• enlarged abdomen ( hepatomegaly enlarged liver)
  -ascites (accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity)

Question 18

Describe the symptoms of marasmum

Answer 18

• emaciated
• muscle wasting
• hair dry
• diarrhoea
• anaemia

Question 19

how many kj is in 1Kcal

Answer 19

4.2

Question 20

How do you calculate basal metabolic rate

Answer 20

BMR= 100 x weight in kg

Question 21

Why is BMR lower for women than men

Answer 21

women have less adipose tissue that is metabolically active

Question 22

What are the essential amino acids

Answer 22

• isoleucine
• lysine
• theronine
• histidine
• leucine
• methionine
• phenylanaline
• tryptophan
• valine

Question 23

What are conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 23

only necessary in certain conditions e.g. preganancy, growth or if certain essential amino acids are not in diet

Question 24

Why are some amino acids essential

Answer 24

they cannot be synthesised by the body so have to be in diet

Question 25

What are some reasons for malnutrition

Answer 25

• under nutrition
• malabsorption ( coeliac or chrohns)
• protein malnutrition

Question 26

Why is oedema caused in kwashikors

Answer 26

• liver does not have enough AA to make normal levels of proteins like albumin
• lower plasma oncotic pressure increases fluid moving out of capillaries

Question 27

What is refeeding syndrome

Answer 27

when a malnourished patient is rapdily refed energy rich foods

Question 28

What are the issues with refeeding syndrome

Answer 28

• rapid increase of sugar and insulin resulting in glycogen, protein and fat synthesis
• depletes already low electrolyte store
• results in electrolyte abnormalities (hypophospatemia)

Question 28

How should a malnourished person be refed to avoid refeeding syndrome

Answer 28

5-10 kcal per kg per day

Question 29

why do vegetarians have to eat alot of protein rich foods

Answer 29

protein of animal origin is considered high quality so contains all essential amino acids but protein of animal origin considered low quality are deficient in some essential AAs