nutrition and aging

Question 1

what chnages do we see in the mouth with age?

Answer 1

Xerostomia (dry mouht)

reduced smell and tatse

reduced power of chewing muscle

reduced pharyngeal phase of swallowing

Question 2

Describe some of the structural changes in the mouth we may see with age

Answer 2

Question 3

what can changes in the mouht as we age be a risk factor for?

Answer 3

anorexia of old age (unintentional weight loss)

Question 4

Describe stomach related changes in aging

Answer 4

delayed gastric empyting

reduced gastric acid production

atrophic gastrisits

Question 5

describe small intestine changes as we GE

Answer 5

Digestion and absorption of macros same

redu absoption in Ca, Zn, Vit D

commonly bacteria over growth can lead to decrease micronutrient absorption (Ca + Zn)

Question 6

describe chnages in the large intestine as we age

Answer 6

Often slwoed motility and transit time that commonly lead to constipation

Question 7

describe changes in the rectum as we age

Answer 7

redcued rectal wall elasticity

and increased wall threshold pressure

Question 8

anus changes as we age?

Answer 8

reduced spincter pressure and reded anal squeeze pressure

Question 9

describe changes in the pancreas as we age

Answer 9

Question 10

describe changes to glucose tolerance as we age

Answer 10

degree of glucose intoelrance as we age - even in otherwise healthy people

every decade after 30 - increease in both postprandial and fasting glucose levels

Question 11

how does skeletal muscle change as we age

Answer 11

there is an age related reduction in skeletal msucle mass causing dirutpion to the normakl rate of glucvose uptake

central to onset of diabetes

at 65% potentially lost 8-27% of msucle mass

Question 12

what are postive factors that are protective against malnutriton in older adults

Answer 12

diet resillence (developing /adpating to maintain nutrient dense sufficient diet to meet requirements)

healthcare

socila support

exonomic health

Question 13

what are negative factors that may predispose older perosn to be malnourished?

Answer 13

nutritonal frailty ( sudden signficant weight loss + loss of msucle mass + strneght or essential loss of physiological resevre)

age related sisease

cogntive issues

Question 14

what is nutritional frailty

Answer 14

Question 15

what is a food drug interaction

Answer 15

Question 16

what is a drug-nutrient interaction

Answer 16

drug affect use of nutrient in the body and compromsies nutritonal state

Question 17

Name medication side effects that could cause an altered nutritonal status in older adults

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe energy needs in older adults compared to the young

Answer 18

Question 19

do requirements for macro and micronutrient change with age

Answer 19

although energy requries may change still need same requiremetns of macro and macro nutrients

if anything aborption and utilisation of nutreisnt may be less effective so have greater requirement! due to co-morbidities

Question 20

What are the nice guidlines of assesing older poeoples nutritonal status in hsoptiasl and communituy

Answer 20

hospital- all patients, weekly, outpatient first visit

Screening for malnutrtion in the community- care homes once monthly/clinical concern

community- annually over 75

Question 21

What are the NICe guidlines for BMi that is malnourished?

Answer 21

Question 22

what measurement do we use to measure skin fold thickness

Answer 22

CALPER

add up measurements

divide by weight in lbs

multiple by (men 28) women (30)

% body fat

Question 23

fill in the blank

Answer 23

Question 24

what is the MUST score?

Answer 24

malnutrtion univerasl screening tool

use to guide mamagment of low/routien, medium/ obsevre, high/risk patients

Question 25

what does the grip strenght used to asses

Answer 25

m,easur for overall msucle strenght