Case Launch/ ageing Flashcards
What are the causes of male sexual dysfunction with age
decrease sperm and testosterone production - men over age of 50
prostate en;larges
what is erectile dsyfucntion
main cause?
ED is a persistent inability to initiate or sustain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity
53% of men (aged 40-70) were affected at some time
biggest factor in prevalemnce of ED is age
what is the Antagonist pleiotrophy theory of agiing?
early life alleles detriment later on
what is the disposable soma theory
Long term investiemtn in reproduction betterr than repair - from evolutionayr stand point
what is the programmed theory ? and stochastic?
Describe how Genomic instability causes agining
accumulation of mutations
affect esential genees- apoptosis /cell dysfunction
Describe telomere attrition
end of chromsomes
shorten evert time we replicate
can replicate 40-50 times before replicative cell senescne
most adult soamtic cells lose telomerase (found in oncogenesis however…)
Describe how epigenetic alterations may contirbute to aging
DNA methylartion and histoen modiciation
cause chromatic remodelling (dna in nucleus)
imapired DNa repair and chromsosme instability —-> agining
Describe how the loss of Proteostasis leads to againing
Loss ability to maintain stability and fucntion of proteins - leads to accumulatiom/aggrefation of unfolded/misfolded proteins linked to age related neurodegenesis (alzhiemers - amyloid beta and tau)
Describe how deregulated nutrient sensing leads to age, and why dietary restriction may reduce aging procces
raised energy levels in the body (insulin, NAd+) is detected by mTOR- increases aging
dietary restrion and low eneegry states (AMP)—> reduce mtor activation - low nutrint signally ageining longevity increase
Describe how Mitochondrial dysfunction may casue agining
Free oxygen radical (damage DNa, Proteins etc)
Describe cellular sensence in aging?
arrest of cell cycle- phenotypic changes to cell -linked to telomere and heyflick number (times a cell can replicate)
due to increase damage/ reduced repair/deduce clearnac eand reduced cell renewla
damaged cells- reduced funtion, increased infallmation and stem cell exhaustion
Describe Stem cell exhaustion/attrition
accumulation of dmaage/ telomere attrition in adult stem cells- lose number and actiivty of stem cells
immunoesencne, osteorporisi, reduced repair fractures
Describe how altered intracellula communication can cause agining
Inflammation increases as we get older due to damage, immunoseencne, cellular sesnscne
