Nutrition And Ageing

Question 0

Sarcopenia and factors causing it

Answer 0

Progressive age related muscle loss 
Mechanisms:
Inactivity
Loss of spinal motor neurones
Mitochondrial damage
Inflammation
Hormonal factors
Undernutrition-> protein, vit D, physiological anorexia

Question 1

Changes in body composition associated with ageing

Answer 1

Decreased bone density 
Increased adipose:
Increased inflammatory response
Insulin resistance 
Increased risk of CV disease and type 2 
Decreased lean tissue mass:
Decreased BMR 
3kg of muscle per decade after 50
Sarcopenia
Loss of strength

Question 2

Gastrointestinal changes

Answer 2

Selective neurodegeneration of enteric nervous system
Impairment in relaxation of gastric fundus
Decreased gastric motility
Decreased acid secretion-> decreased breakdown
Decreased absorption of folate and iron
Decreased pancreatic secretions
Deceased lactase

Question 3

Neurological and sensory-perceptual

Answer 3

Brain atrophy

Loss of sensory activity

Question 4

Hepatic and renal

Answer 4

Decreased liver size and blood flow
Decreased bile and albumin production
Decreased GFR

Question 5

Immune

Answer 5

Poor wound healing

Decreased T cell function

Question 6

Dentition

Answer 6

Salivary glands shrink
Poor oral hygiene
Lack of teeth

Question 7

Factors in assessing nutritional risk in adults

Answer 7

Social status
Mental status 
Dentition and swallowing
Presence of disease
Financial status

Question 8

Delay of Sarcopenia

Answer 8

Eat 1.2-1.5g protein per kg of body weight per day combined with resistance exercises