Nutrition Flashcards
Main functions of carbohydrates:
Energy and keeping the digestive tract functioning properly (fibre maintains a healthy digestive tract).
Name 2 things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in VITAMIN A
Night blindness and Retardation (children)
Name 2 things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in VITAMIN B1
Dry Beri-Beri (Damage to the nervous system: nerve degeneration, tingling and coordination issues), Wet Beri-Beri (related to the cardiovascular system: enlarged heart, heart failure and severe oedema (swelling))
What is the other name for Vitamin B1?
Thiamin
Name 2 things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in B2
Tongue inflammation and Cracking of the mouth
What is the other name for Vitamin B2?
Riboflavin
What is the other name for Vitamin B3?
Niacin
Name 2 generalised things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in B9
Reduced growth and diarrhoea
What is the consequence of a deficiency in B9 in pregnant women?
Premature birth and neural tube defects (spina bifida)
Describe what happens when the body is deficient in calcium
When inadequate levels of calcium is consumed in the diet calcium begins to be released from the bones which weakens bone structure. Long term - osteoporosis occurs where bones are susceptible to breaking.
what happens in the body when there is a deficiency in sodium
fluid moves into the cells causing headaches, fatigue and cramping.
Name 3 things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in Potassium
Abnormal heart rhythms, Slow heartbeat, Heart stoppage (coma, death)
Name 2 things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in Magnesium
Loss of appetite and personality changes
Name 2 things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in Phosphorus
Rickets in children - osteomalacia in adults
Name 2 things that happen to the body when there is a deficiency in Zinc
Growth retardation and impaired immune functioning.
Name 2 things that happen in the body when there is excess Vitamin A
Most likely due to supplementation: Vomiting and Birth defects (renal and nervous systems)
Name what happens in the body when there is excess Vitamin B1
Secreted in urine.
Name what happens in the body when there is excess Vitamin B2
Secreted in urine.
Name what happens in the body when there is excess Vitamin B3
Most likely due to supplementation: Itching, Headaches and liver damage.
Name what happens in the body when there is excess Vitamin B9
Secreted in urine, but if supplementation is the cause: digestive issues (cramping and bloating), mental disturbances (trouble concentrating, confusion and psychotic behaviour) and seizures.
Name what happens in the body when there is excess Vitamin C
Secreted in urine.
Name 2 things that happen in the body when there is excess Calcium
Gastrointestinal upsets (bloating or constipation) and limits the body’s ability to absorb iron and zinc
Name 3 things that happen in the body when there is excess Iron
organ damage and heart failure
Name 3 things that happen in the body when there is excess Sodium
elevated blood pressure, heart attack or failure, and oedema (fluid retention).