Nutrition

Question 1

process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream

Answer 1

absorption

Question 2

lack or loss of appetite for food

Answer 2

anorexia

Question 3

measurements of the body and body parts; measurements used to assess growth rate in children; in adults, they can give indirect measurements of body protein and fat stores

Answer 3

anthropometric

Question 4

misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

aspiration

Question 5

amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities of the body at rest

Answer 5

basal metabolism

Question 6

ratio of height to weight

Answer 6

body mass index (BMI)

Question 7

gastrointestinal system’s breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells and be used by the cells

Answer 7

digestion

Question 8

difficulty in swallowing or inability to swallow

Answer 8

dysphagia

Question 9

alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula

Answer 9

enteral nutrition

Question 10

feeding remaining in the stomach

Answer 10

gastric residual

Question 11

opening created into the stomach

Answer 11

gastrostomy

Question 12

tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach

Answer 12

nasogastric (NG) tube

Question 13

tube inserted through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine

Answer 13

nasointestinal (NI) tube

Question 14

specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury

Answer 14

nutrients

Question 15

study of the nutrients and how they are handled by the body, as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment

Answer 15

nutrition

Question 16

weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight

Answer 16

obesity

Question 17

nourishment provided via IV therapy

Answer 17

parenteral nutrition (PN)

Question 18

surgically (open or laparoscopically) placed gastrostomy tube

Answer 18

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)

Question 19

prescribed for patients who require nutrient supplementation through a peripheral vein because they have an inadequate intake of oral feedings

Answer 19

peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)

Question 20

recommendations for average daily amounts of essential nutrients that healthy population groups should consume over time

Answer 20

recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

Question 21

a numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual’s abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight

Answer 21

waist circumference

Question 22

essential nutrients that supply energy and build tissue; carbohydrates, fats, protein

Answer 22

macronutrients

Question 23

vitamins and minerals; are required in smaller amounts to regulate and control body processes

Answer 23

micronutrients

Question 24

3 nutrients that supply energy

Answer 24

carbohydrates
protein
lipids [fats]

Question 25

3 nutrients to regulate the body processes (metabolism)

Answer 25

vitamins minerals water

Question 26

sum of all the calories used to perform physical activity, maintain basal metabolism, and digest, absorb, and metabolize food.

Answer 26

total daily energy expenditure

Question 27

estimate of optimal weight for optimal health

Answer 27

Ideal body weight (IBW)

Question 28

Healthy BMI range

Answer 28

18.5 to 24.9

Question 29

Any biochemical disorder characterized by one or more abnormal levels of blood lipids

Answer 29

dyslipidemia

Question 30

the average daily dietary intake of a nutrient that is sufficient to meet the requirement of nearly all (97% to 98%) healthy people.

Answer 30

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Question 31

established when an RDA cannot be determined; based on observed intakes of the nutrient by a group of healthy people.

Answer 31

Adequate Intake (AI)

Question 32

the highest daily intake of a nutrient that is likely to pose no risks of toxicity for almost all individuals

Answer 32

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) | As intake above the UL increases, risk increases

Question 33

the amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement of half of all healthy people in the population; provides guidelines for groups and populations

Answer 33

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 34

provides recommended nutrient intakes for use in a variety of settings

Answer 34

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Question 35

4 reference values that make up DRIs

Answer 35

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): 1. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) 2. Adequate Intake (AI) 3. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) 4. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 36

an eating disorder that involves varied issues including extreme weight loss, muscle wasting, arrested sexual development, refusal to eat, and bizarre eating habits.

Answer 36

Anorexia nervosa

Question 37

marasmus

Answer 37

protein and calorie deficiency

Question 38

kwashiorkor

Answer 38

protein deficiency

Question 39

hepatomegaly

Answer 39

Enlargement of the liver. SYN megalohepatia

Question 40

adiposopathy

Answer 40

dysfunction of adipose tissue that causes chronic inflammation and disease

Question 41

relating to obesity; term derives from two Greek words meaning “weight” and “treatment”

Answer 41

bariatric

Question 42

physiologic response to rapid emptying of gastric contents into the jejunum, manifested by nausea, weakness, sweating, palpitations, syncope, and possibly diarrhea

Answer 42

dumping syndrome

Question 43

obesogenic

Answer 43

a factor that promotes weight gain and obesity

Question 44

orexigenic

Answer 44

a factor that stimulates appetite

Question 45

satiety

Answer 45

feeling of having eaten sufficient quantities of food