Nutrition Flashcards
How to estimate caloric needs in a sedentary hospitalized patient and in a acutely or severely ill patients?
30-35 Kcal/kg sedentary
35-40 Kcal/kg acutely ill
Two most common risk factors for obesity?
Minority populations, African American and Mexican American
Lifestyle
6 risk factors for malnutrition
Older age Chronically ill Teens with eating problems Cancer patients Alcoholics Poverty
What is the acronym we use for screening adults for nutritional status and what does each letter stand for?
DETERMINE Disease Eating poorly Tooth loss or mouth pain Economic hardship Reduced social contact Multiple meds Involuntary weight loss Need for assistance Elderly years
How much intentional weight loss is considered significant?
5% over 6 months or 10% over 1 year
2 things we can use on the physical exam to help provide clues for nutritional status?
vital signs - height, weight, BMI
Tricep skin fold thickness assesses subq fat
Match the following skin signs/findings with the nutritional deficiency.
Dry and scaly? Flaking dermatitis? Follicular hyperkeratosis? Pigmentation changes? Petechiae? Purpura? Pallor?
Protein Zinc Vitamin A Niacin Vitamin C Vitamin C and K Iron, B12 and Folate
Match the following eye signs/findings with the correct nutritional deficiency?
Night blindness? Conjunctiva Pallor, Xerosis or bilot spots?
Vitamin A
Iron, B12, Folate
Vitamin A
Match the following PE signs/findings with the nutritional deficiency?
Angular cheilitis/stomatitis? Glossitis? Bleeding gums. Muscle atrophy, poor hand grip and leg strength. Tetany. Spooning of nails. Goiter in neck. Parotid enlargement. Corkscrew hairs.
B2, b6, and niacin. B vitamins, iron, folate Vitamin c and b2 Prettiness and vitamin d Calcium and magnesium Iron Iodine Protein Vitamin c
What does albumin levels have to do with malnutrition?
A value less than 2.4 represents a severe systemic inflammatory response that produces anorexia that leads to a protein calorie malnutrition
What deficiencies can a CBC, TSH and Total protein/albumin show us?
Iron, b12 and folate
Iodine
Protein calorie malnutrition
What are the good and bad fats?
Saturated and trans are bad
Poly and mono unsaturated are good
What is the current recommendation for salt intake a day?
2300mg
What do the following salt amounts mean? Salt/sodium free? Very low sodium. Low sodium Reduced sodium, light sodium/salt, no salt added or unsalted?
Less than 5mg per serving
Less than 35mg per serving
At least 25% less than in original product
At least 50% less than in original product
No salt added during processing
What does fat free, low fat, reduced fat/less fat or trans fat free mean?
Less than .5 grams
3 g or less
At least 25% less fat than the original product
Less than .5g of trans fat
