Fluid Management And Hospital Notes Flashcards
Define a crystalloid solution and give 3 examples?
Solution with salts and electrolytes.
NS, LR, D5W
Define a colloid and give 2 examples?
Solution with large molecules and proteins to not only give fluid but have oncotic pressure.
Albumin solution and HES
What are the levels we say is hypotonic and hypertonic?
Less than 250 and greater than 375
What is the one hypotonic solution?
.45 NACL
What are the 3 isotonic solutions?
.9 NS
D5W
LR
What are 4 hypertonic solutions?
3% saline
D5NS
D5LR
D10W
What two things to remember that are found in LR?
Potassium and calcium
2 reasons to use isotonic fluids?
Fluid management, meaning the person is unable to drink/take in needed fluids for the time being.
Fluid resuscitation, meaning replacement because of loss. Want this fluid to get intravascularly.
What is the preferred solution for resuscitation and when do you use LR?
NS
Give fluids for vascular expansion and electrolyte replacement.
When do we use hypertonic solutions, what clinical situations?
Hyponatremia, but do it slow
What does hypotonic solutions do to the body?
Fluid goes into cells and drops osmolality
D5W and D10w are used for what?
To treat hypoglycemia
Define free water and what does it do to the body?
Water not bound by macromolecules
Fluid shift into cells
What is a 22, 20, 18, and 16 gauge needles used for?
Children and older adult slow infusions
Crystalloid infusions for maintenance
Fluid resuscitation or blood transfusion for the last two
3 peripheral complications of IV therapy?
Phlebitis, infiltration of IV fluid into tissues, and extravasation
