Nutrition

Question 1

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 1

energy needed to maintain life sustaining activities

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Main source of energy

-Complex and simple saccarides

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

Amino acids

necessary for nitrogen balance

Question 4

Fats

Answer 4

Calorie dense

saturated, polysaturated, monosaturated

Question 5

Water

Answer 5

Necessary for all cell function

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

Essential for metabolism

Fat soluble & Water soluble

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

Catalysts

Question 8

Most essential nutrient for life

Answer 8

WATER

Question 9

% of body weight in average adult

Answer 9

60-70%

Question 10

Intracellular

Answer 10

2/3 of the total body water

Question 11

Extracellular

Answer 11

1/3 of total body water

Question 12

How much water is needed daily?

Answer 12

2200-2700ml

Question 13

Is water a solvent?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Dysphagia

Answer 14

Difficulty swallowing

Question 15

Dysphasia

Answer 15

Difficulty speaking

Question 16

Indispensable protein

Answer 16

Body cant synthesize but you MUST have in your diet

Question 17

Dispensable protein

Answer 17

synthesized, linked together

ex; insulin and albumin

Question 18

Complete protein

Answer 18

Animal based

Question 19

Incomplete protein

Answer 19

Plant based

Question 20

Nitrogen balance

Answer 20

needed for repairing and replacing body tissue

Question 21

How much can 1lb of fat yield?

Answer 21

3500 calories

Question 22

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 22

C, B complex

Excess excreted from body

Question 23

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 23

A D E K

Not excreted, stored in liver, excess can be dangerous

Question 24

HDL

Answer 24

Good cholesterol

Question 25

LDL

Answer 25

Bad cholesterol

Question 26

Where are vitamins absorbed?

Answer 26

Through intestinal wall directly into bloodstream

Question 27

Sensible water loss

Answer 27

Urine | Measurable

Question 28

Insensible water loss

Answer 28

Sweat | Cant measure

Question 29

Risk factor for altered nutrition in the elderly?

Answer 29

Chewing or swallowing difficulties | Dentures not fitting properly

Question 30

Alcoholism

Answer 30

Interferes with absorption, irritates mucous, B complex specifically affected

Question 31

Anthropometry

Answer 31

measurement system of the body | Ideal body weight and BMI

Question 32

Diet history

Answer 32

24 hour recall Recent changes Normal food and fluid intake

Question 33

If patient is having difficulty swallowing..

Answer 33

Immediately make them NPO and call the doctor

Question 34

HCT blood test

Answer 34

Hydration status

Question 35

HgB and RBCs

Answer 35

Iron intake and folic acid

Question 36

Who should be weighed daily?

Answer 36

Patients on enteral or parental feedings

Question 37

What is the single most important indicator of fluid status?

Answer 37

Patient weight

Question 38

What is the best short term fluid monitoring technique

Answer 38

I&O measuring

Question 39

Age related nutrition risk factors

Answer 39

Slower metabolism Decreased taste Decreased peristalsis Chewing and swallowing difficulties

Question 40

Feeding aspiration risk patients:

Answer 40

Sit bed up 90 degrees Food on stronger side of mouth Thickened fluids, no straw Speech eval.

Question 41

Enteral Nutrition

Answer 41

Given directly into GI tract Initially checked by Xray Always check placement before feedings or meds Start at slow rate then increase

Question 42

Complications of enteral feeding

Answer 42

Aspiration and increased glucose levels

Question 43

Parenteral Nutrition

Answer 43

Nutrients provided intravenously | Peripheral or central line

Question 44

Why would someone need Parenteral nutrition?

Answer 44

Unable to digest or absorb enteral nutrition. | Such as people with sepsis, head injury, burns, or chrohns disease

Question 45

Is the Parenteral tube sterile?

Answer 45

YES | goes right into the heart

Question 46

Optimal weight loss per week

Answer 46

2lbs

Question 47

Complications of parenteral and enteral nutrition

Answer 47

Diarrhea, increased blood sugar, nausea, dehydration

Question 48

Hold enteral tube feeding if residual is greater than

Answer 48

100mL