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Biology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

Understanding the elements of a balanced diet in IGCSE course standard.

1
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates

A

The main supply of energy. Glucose is necessary for respiration

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2
Q

Sources of Carbohydrates

A
  • Natural sugars (honey, fruits)
  • Artificial sugars (chocolate, cakes)
  • Starches (Potatoes, rice, bread, pasta)
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3
Q

Chemical elements of Carbohydrates

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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4
Q

Polymer of Carbohydrates

A

Starch; Glycogen

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5
Q

Monomers of Carbohydrates

A

Glucose

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6
Q

Functions of Protein

A

Growth and repair of the body. Enzymes are also proteins.

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7
Q

Sources of Proteins

A
  • Meats and fish
  • Nuts
  • Eggs and Cheese
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8
Q

Chemical elements of Proteins

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

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9
Q

Polymer of Proteins

A

Protein

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10
Q

Monomers of Protein

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

Protein deficiency

A

Kwashiorkor

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12
Q

Functions of Lipids

A

Long term store of energy, heat insulation and protection, specifically around vital organs. Lipids make up cell membranes.

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13
Q

Sources of Lipids

A
  • Solids/Fats (butter, cheese, meat, fish)

- Liquids/Oils (olive oil, corn oil)

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14
Q

Chemical elements of Lipids

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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15
Q

Polymer of Lipids

A

Lipid

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16
Q

Monomer of Lipids

A

Fatty acids and Glycerol

17
Q

Functions of Vitamin A

A

Make light-sensitive chemicals in the retina of your eye.

18
Q

Sources of Vitamin A

A
  • Carrots
  • Margarine
  • Butter
19
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin A

A

Night Blindness

20
Q

Functions of Vitamin C

A

Makes fibres of connective tissue

21
Q

Sources of Vitamin C

A
  • Fresh fruits

- Vegetables

22
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin C

A

Scurvy - wounds fail to heal, and gums bleed a lot.

23
Q

Functions of Vitamin D

A

Helps growing bones and absorb Calcium

24
Q

Sources of Vitamin D

25
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin D

A

Rickets - softer bones

26
Q

Function of Calcium

A

Maintain healthy teeth and bones.

27
Q

Sources of Calcium

A
  • Dairy products (milk)
28
Q

Deficiency of Calcium

A

Osteoporosis

29
Q

Function of Iron

A

Part of the haemoglobin in the red blood cells, which function in carrying Oxygen.

30
Q

Sources of Iron

A
  • Red meat
  • Eggs
  • Spinach
31
Q

Function of Water

A

Medium for chemical reactions and transport.

32
Q

Sources of Water

A
  • Drinks in general

- Foods in general

33
Q

Function of Fibres

A

Provide roughage for the muscles of the digestive system to push against something. It keeps the gut healthy and avoids constipation. Humans can’t digest cellulose, so fibres never actually enter the bloodstream.

34
Q

Sources of Fibres

A
  • Cellulose

- Any plant

Biology (3 decks)

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