NUTRITION Flashcards
Define ‘metabolism’
The set of processes which derive energy and raw materials from food for support, repair, growth and activity of body tissues to sustain life
How is Daily Energy Expenditure calculated?
Sum of:
- Basal Metabolic Rate
- Diet Induced Thermogenesis
- Physical Activity Level
DER = BMR + DIR + PAL
What is Basal Metabolic Rate?
Energy required to carry out daily resting activities:
- Cells
- Organs
- Body temperature
What is Diet Induced Thermogenesis?
The energy required to process food
Which values are given for Physical Activity Level for sedentary, moderate and highly active?
Sedentary = 30 kJ/day
Moderate = 65 kJ/day
Highly Active = 100 kJ/day
What is BMI and how is it calculated?
Body Mass Index is a clinical evaluation of a patient’s weight.
BMI = Weight (Kg) / Height squared (m2)
What is considered a healthy BMI?
18.5 - 24.9
Define ‘obesity’
Excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue which impairs health
Which 9 amino acids cannot be synthesised in the body and must be ingested?
If learned this huge list may prove truly valuable
Isoleucine Lysine Threonine Histidine Leucine Methionine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Valine
What are the essential components of the diet?
- Carbohydrate
- Protein
- Fat
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Fibre
- Water
What causes Kwashiorkor and what are the symptoms?
Caused by PROTEIN deficiency
- Insufficient blood protein synthesis
- Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure
- Oedema
- Hepatomegaly (low serum albumin)
What causes Marasmus and what are the symptoms?
Caused by protein AND energy deficiency
- Children <5
- Muscle wasting
- Loss of body fat
- Hair loss
- NO oedema
What are the 2 main types of metabolic pathways?
- Catabolic
- Anabolic
Give an overview of the catabolic metabolic pathway
- Breaking down larger molecules into intermediary metabolites
- Large amounts of free energy released
- OXIDATIVE (H atoms released)
Give an overview of the anabolic metabolic pathway
- Synthesise larger cellular components from intermediary metabolites
- Use energy released from catabolism (ATP)
- REDUCTIVE (use H atoms - reattached)
