Nutrition

Question 1

Highest Energy Content per Source

Answer 1

Fat > Alcohol > Carbs = Protein

Question 2

“New” Food Pyramid

Answer 2

Based on 2,000 kcal/day.
10-15% from protein
25-35% from fat
Remainder from carbs

Question 3

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 3

Linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid

Question 4

Omega FAs

Answer 4

Double bond every nth carbon (ex: Omega 3 has double bonds on every 3rd carbon)

Question 5

Determination of Protein Anabolism/Catabolism

Answer 5

Nitrogen balance. 1 g N = 6.25 g protein

Question 6

Essential AAs (10)

Answer 6

Leu, Iso, Val, His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Arg

Question 7

Nonpolar AAs

Answer 7

G A V L I P W F M

Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Iso, Pro, Trp, Phe, Met

Question 8

Polar AAs

Answer 8

S T C N Y Q

Ser, Thr, Cys, Asn, Tyr, Gln

Question 9

Basic AAs

Answer 9

R H K

Arg, His, Lys

Question 10

Acidic AAs

Answer 10

E D

Glu, Asp

Question 11

K+ Sources

Answer 11

Unprocessed foods

Question 12

Na+ Sources

Answer 12

Animal foods and dietary salt

Question 13

Cl- Sources

Answer 13

Dietary salt

Question 14

Ca 2+ Sources

Answer 14

Dairy, soybeans, green veggies

Question 15

PO4 3- Sources

Answer 15

Dairy, wheat germ, bran, beans, walnuts

Question 16

Mg 2+ Sources

Answer 16

Meat fish, veggies, nuts, grains

Question 17

Thiamine (B1) Coenzyme Form

Answer 17

Thiamine pyrophosphate

Question 18

Thiamine Deficiency From:

Answer 18

Alcoholism

Question 19

Clinical Manifestations of Thiamine Deficiency

Answer 19

Wernicke’s (ataxia, eye problems), Korsakoff’s (psychosis), Dry Beriberi (muscle wasting), Wet Beriberi (cardiac problems).

Question 20

Riboflavin (B2) Coenzyme Form

Answer 20

FAD/FMN

Question 21

Riboflavin Deficiency From:

Answer 21

Poor dietary intake or absorption issues

Question 22

Clinical Manifestations of Riboflavin Deficiency

Answer 22

Corneal neovascularization, cheilosis, magenta colored tongue.

Question 23

Niacin (B3) Coenzyme Forms

Answer 23

NAD(H) and NADP(H)

Question 24

Niacin Deficiency From:

Answer 24

Hartnup Disease, Malnutrition

Question 25

Clinical Manifestations of Niacin Deficiency

Answer 25

Pellagra

Question 26

Pantothenic Acid (B5) Coenzyme Form

Answer 26

CoA

Question 27

Pyridoxine

Answer 27

Vitamin B6

Question 28

Biotin (B7)

Answer 28

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes

Question 29

Biotin Deficiency From:

Answer 29

Excessive consumption of raw eggs

Question 30

Clinical Manifestations of Biotin Deficiency

Answer 30

Alopecia, rashes, bowel inflammation, muscle pain

Question 31

Folic Acid (B9)

Answer 31

Coenzyme for methylation reactions

Question 32

Folic Acid Deficiency From

Answer 32

Alcoholism and some pregnancies

Question 33

Folate Deficiency During Pregnancy Can Cause:

Answer 33

Neural tube defects (ie spina bifida)

Question 34

Ascorbate (Vit C)

Answer 34

Cofactor for collagen synthesis, dopamine, Fe absorption, antioxicant

Question 35

Cobalamin Deficiency From:

Answer 35

Anemia, pancreatitius, vegeterianism, resection of terminal ileum

Question 36

Clinical Manifestations of Folic Acid Deficiency

Answer 36

Anemia and Homocysteinemia (CVD, DVT, embolism, stroke)

Question 37

Clinical Manifestations of Cobalamin Deficiency

Answer 37

Anemia, Neuropathy, Homocysteinemia (CVD, DVT, stroke)

Question 38

Vitamin A Functions

Answer 38

Vision and maintenance of epithelium

Question 39

Vitamin A Deficiency From:

Answer 39

Extreme malnutrition, fat malabsorption, and liver cirrohosis.

Question 40

Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency

Answer 40

Night blindness, vision problems, frequent infections.

Question 41

Vitamin D Functions (3)

Answer 41

Increase phosphate absorption (GI), stimulate reabsorption of Ca 2+ and secretion of phosphate (kidneys) and bone resorption.

Question 42

Vitamin D Deficiencies

Answer 42

Rickets in childhood and Osteomalacia in adulthood.