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Foundations > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 components of a nutritional assessment?

A
  • Anthropometry
  • biochemical
  • clinical examination
  • dietary evaluation
  • energy expenditure
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2
Q

define anthropometry

A

measurement of body muscle and fat. includes height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and % body fat

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3
Q

BMI considered to be obese

A

> 30

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4
Q

BMI considered to be underweight

A

<18.5

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5
Q

How can you calculate BMI?

A

take weight x 703, divide by height in inches, divide by height in inches again

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6
Q

Average % body fat for males? average % body fat for females

A

18-24%

25-31%

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7
Q

List the ways we can measure body fat %

A

skin fold caliper

biometric impedance analysis

anthropometric

hydrostatic weighing

DEXA scan

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8
Q

Vitamin B1

A

thiamine

food source: whole grains, meat liver

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9
Q

Deficiency in vitamin B1

A

may cause beriberi, wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

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10
Q

What is an MNA?

A

screening and assessment tool, elderly >65

used to determine if they are malnourished or at risk for malnourishment

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11
Q

What are the 3 macro nutrients?

A

proteins, carbs, fats

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12
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

vitamins and minerals

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13
Q

What are vitamins?

A

organic compounds found mostly outside the body

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14
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

can be stored, dissolve in lipids, ex. A, D, E, K

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15
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

dissolve in water, absorbed immediately into bloodstream, need daily

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16
Q

minerals

A

inorganic compounds not synthesized in the body, needed in low doses

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17
Q

baso metabolic rate (BMR)

A

number of kilocalories needed each day

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18
Q

scurvy

A

deficiency of vitamin C

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19
Q

Rickets

A

deficiency of vitamin D

skeletal malformation

dental problems, muscle weakness, harrison’s groove

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20
Q

mental and adrenal disorders

A

deficiency of B vitamins

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21
Q

osteoporosis

A

deficiency of calcium

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22
Q

marasmus

A

severe growth failure

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23
Q

nutritional anemia

A

most common form of anemia

caused by malaria, hookworm and inadequate iron and vitamin intake resulting in low hemoglobin

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24
Q

vitamin A

A

aka Retinol

good for eyesight and skin

food source: cod, liver, leafy greens

25
Q

deficiency of vitamin A may lead to?

A

night blindness

26
Q

OD of vitamin A

A

hypervitaminous A

sxs may include: HA, irritability, bulging fontanels

27
Q

Vitamin B2

A

riboflavin

found in: milk, liver, fish, leafy greens

28
Q

vitamin B2 deficiency

A

riboflavin

itchy irritated eyes, glossitis, chelitis (cracked corners of lips)

29
Q

Vitamin B6

A

pyridoxine

found in: fish, bananas, meat

helps with preventing skin conditions, nerve problems and helping the body absorb proteins and carbs

30
Q

vitamin B6 deficiency

A

skin inflammation, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, mood changes, seizures

31
Q

OD of vitamin B6

A

impairment of proprioception, nerve damage

32
Q

Vitamin B 9

A

folic acid

found in carrots, eggs, liver, leafy green veggies

helps with production of RBCs

very important during pregnancy

33
Q

vitamin B9 deficiency

A

folic acid:
tiredness due to anemia

red tongue

birth defects

34
Q

Vitamin B12

A

cobalamin

helps make RBCS and the formation of nerves

found in: eggs, meat, fortified cereals

35
Q

B12 deficiency

A

fatigue, tingling in hands and feet, anemia, memory problems

36
Q

vitamin b12 OD

A

acne like rash

37
Q

vitamin C

A

ascorbic acid

found in: citrus fruits

helps with immune defense

38
Q

vitamin C deficiency

A

fatigue, bleeding gums, slow healing wounds..may lead to scurvy

39
Q

Vitamin C OD

A

GI upset

40
Q

vitamin D

A

found in: sunlight, milk, cod

helps make strong bones and teeth

41
Q

vitamin D deficiency

A

unhealthy teeth, irritability, rickets in kids

42
Q

vitamin D OD

A

can cause kidney stones, loss of appetite, abdominal pain

43
Q

vitamin E

A

tocopherol

helps with DNA repair

found in: nuts, leafy greens

44
Q

vitamin E deficiency

A

weak muscles, infertility

anemia in newborns

r

45
Q

vitamin E OD

A

may cause increased bleeding

46
Q

vitamin K

A

found in leafy green veggies

47
Q

vitamin K deficiency

A

increased bleeding

48
Q

Ca

A

helps maintain strong bones and teeth and helps with blood clotting

found in: dairy, leafy greens

49
Q

Ca deficiency

A

poor teeth, brittle bones

50
Q

Fe

A

Iron

found in red meat, eggs, leafy greens

good for RBC (muscle func.) and WBC (immune)

51
Q

iron deficiency

A

tiredness, irritability, difficulty concentrating

52
Q

Mg

A

magnesium

found in leafy greens, nuts

helps with cell repair, regulating body temp

53
Q

Mg deficiency

A

muscle spasms, heart disease, DM, HTN

54
Q

Zn

A

Zinc

found in meat, shellfish, brown rice

helps with immune system and breakdown of food

55
Q

zinc deficiency

A

lesions on skin, eyes and throat, loss of taste and smell, hair loss, diarrhea, growth problems in kids

56
Q

zinc OD

A

can lead to stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting

57
Q

Who needs the most iron?

A

kids, pregnant women and women during menstration

58
Q

iodine deficiency

A

can lead to goiter

59
Q

copper deficiency

A

anemia, weakness

Foundations (6 decks)

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