Nutrition

Question 1

What are the 5 components of a nutritional assessment?

Answer 1

• Anthropometry
• biochemical
• clinical examination
• dietary evaluation
• energy expenditure

Question 2

define anthropometry

Answer 2

measurement of body muscle and fat. includes height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and % body fat

Question 3

BMI considered to be obese

Answer 3

> 30

Question 4

BMI considered to be underweight

Answer 4

<18.5

Question 5

How can you calculate BMI?

Answer 5

take weight x 703, divide by height in inches, divide by height in inches again

Question 6

Average % body fat for males? average % body fat for females

Answer 6

18-24%

25-31%

Question 7

List the ways we can measure body fat %

Answer 7

skin fold caliper

biometric impedance analysis

anthropometric

hydrostatic weighing

DEXA scan

Question 8

Vitamin B1

Answer 8

thiamine

food source: whole grains, meat liver

Question 9

Deficiency in vitamin B1

Answer 9

may cause beriberi, wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

Question 10

What is an MNA?

Answer 10

screening and assessment tool, elderly >65

used to determine if they are malnourished or at risk for malnourishment

Question 11

What are the 3 macro nutrients?

Answer 11

proteins, carbs, fats

Question 12

What are micronutrients?

Answer 12

vitamins and minerals

Question 13

What are vitamins?

Answer 13

organic compounds found mostly outside the body

Question 14

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 14

can be stored, dissolve in lipids, ex. A, D, E, K

Question 15

water soluble vitamins

Answer 15

dissolve in water, absorbed immediately into bloodstream, need daily

Question 16

minerals

Answer 16

inorganic compounds not synthesized in the body, needed in low doses

Question 17

baso metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 17

number of kilocalories needed each day

Question 18

scurvy

Answer 18

deficiency of vitamin C

Question 19

Rickets

Answer 19

deficiency of vitamin D

skeletal malformation

dental problems, muscle weakness, harrison’s groove

Question 20

mental and adrenal disorders

Answer 20

deficiency of B vitamins

Question 21

osteoporosis

Answer 21

deficiency of calcium

Question 22

marasmus

Answer 22

severe growth failure

Question 23

nutritional anemia

Answer 23

most common form of anemia

caused by malaria, hookworm and inadequate iron and vitamin intake resulting in low hemoglobin

Question 24

vitamin A

Answer 24

aka Retinol

good for eyesight and skin

food source: cod, liver, leafy greens

Question 25

deficiency of vitamin A may lead to?

Answer 25

night blindness

Question 26

OD of vitamin A

Answer 26

hypervitaminous A sxs may include: HA, irritability, bulging fontanels

Question 27

Vitamin B2

Answer 27

riboflavin found in: milk, liver, fish, leafy greens

Question 28

vitamin B2 deficiency

Answer 28

riboflavin itchy irritated eyes, glossitis, chelitis (cracked corners of lips)

Question 29

Vitamin B6

Answer 29

pyridoxine found in: fish, bananas, meat helps with preventing skin conditions, nerve problems and helping the body absorb proteins and carbs

Question 30

vitamin B6 deficiency

Answer 30

skin inflammation, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, mood changes, seizures

Question 31

OD of vitamin B6

Answer 31

impairment of proprioception, nerve damage

Question 32

Vitamin B 9

Answer 32

folic acid found in carrots, eggs, liver, leafy green veggies helps with production of RBCs very important during pregnancy

Question 33

vitamin B9 deficiency

Answer 33

folic acid: tiredness due to anemia red tongue birth defects

Question 34

Vitamin B12

Answer 34

cobalamin helps make RBCS and the formation of nerves found in: eggs, meat, fortified cereals

Question 35

B12 deficiency

Answer 35

fatigue, tingling in hands and feet, anemia, memory problems

Question 36

vitamin b12 OD

Answer 36

acne like rash

Question 37

vitamin C

Answer 37

ascorbic acid found in: citrus fruits helps with immune defense

Question 38

vitamin C deficiency

Answer 38

fatigue, bleeding gums, slow healing wounds..may lead to scurvy

Question 39

Vitamin C OD

Answer 39

GI upset

Question 40

vitamin D

Answer 40

found in: sunlight, milk, cod helps make strong bones and teeth

Question 41

vitamin D deficiency

Answer 41

unhealthy teeth, irritability, rickets in kids

Question 42

vitamin D OD

Answer 42

can cause kidney stones, loss of appetite, abdominal pain

Question 43

vitamin E

Answer 43

tocopherol helps with DNA repair found in: nuts, leafy greens

Question 44

vitamin E deficiency

Answer 44

weak muscles, infertility anemia in newborns r

Question 45

vitamin E OD

Answer 45

may cause increased bleeding

Question 46

vitamin K

Answer 46

found in leafy green veggies

Question 47

vitamin K deficiency

Answer 47

increased bleeding

Question 48

Ca

Answer 48

helps maintain strong bones and teeth and helps with blood clotting found in: dairy, leafy greens

Question 49

Ca deficiency

Answer 49

poor teeth, brittle bones

Question 50

Fe

Answer 50

Iron found in red meat, eggs, leafy greens good for RBC (muscle func.) and WBC (immune)

Question 51

iron deficiency

Answer 51

tiredness, irritability, difficulty concentrating

Question 52

Mg

Answer 52

magnesium found in leafy greens, nuts helps with cell repair, regulating body temp

Question 53

Mg deficiency

Answer 53

muscle spasms, heart disease, DM, HTN

Question 54

Zn

Answer 54

Zinc found in meat, shellfish, brown rice helps with immune system and breakdown of food

Question 55

zinc deficiency

Answer 55

lesions on skin, eyes and throat, loss of taste and smell, hair loss, diarrhea, growth problems in kids

Question 56

zinc OD

Answer 56

can lead to stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting

Question 57

Who needs the most iron?

Answer 57

kids, pregnant women and women during menstration

Question 58

iodine deficiency

Answer 58

can lead to goiter

Question 59

copper deficiency

Answer 59

anemia, weakness