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MCM Test 2 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of malnutrition

A 
Altered taste/smell
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea/malabsorption
Poor food availability/quality
Alcoholism
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2
Q

How does acute and chronic alcohol intake cause malnutrition

A 
Decreasing calorie intake
Interfering with nutrient digestion and absorption
Reduce protein synthesis and secretion
Causing breakdown of gut proteins
Increasing excretion of nutrients
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3
Q

What are the physical exam findings of malnutrition

A 
Weight loss
Low BMI
Loss of subcutaneous fat
Loss of muscle mass
Reduced handgrip strength
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4
Q

What is another name for Vitamin A

A

Retinol

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5
Q

What are dietary sources of Vitamin A

A

Liver, fish, eggs, milk

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6
Q

What are Carotenoids

A

Beta Carotene

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7
Q

Where are carotenoids found

A

Yellow and leafy greens

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8
Q

What are signs of a Retinol deficiency

A 
Night blindness
Xerosis (eye dryness)
Corneal ulceration and blindness
Perifollicular hyperkeratosis
Immune deficiency
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9
Q

What are effects of acute toxicity of Vitamin A

A

Headache, vomiting, stupor, death

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10
Q

What are the effects of chronic Retinol toxicity

A

Weight loss, vomiting, dry lips

* bone and join pain, predisposing to fractures

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11
Q

What is something to tell a pregnant woman with too much Retinol

A

Accutane is contraindicated during pregnancy

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12
Q

What is carotinemia

A

Excessive vitamin A precursors from eating too many carrots or squash or other green leafy vegetables

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13
Q

Symptoms of carotenemia

A

yellow-orange colored skin (mostly on palms and soles)

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14
Q

Vitamin D sources

A

Endogenous synthesis from UVB radiation

Diet - dairy products

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15
Q

Causes of Vitamin D deficiency

A

Diets deficient in calcium and vitamin D, limited exposure to sunlight
Women heavily veiled
In children born to mothers who have frequent pregnancies followed by lactation

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16
Q

Signs/symptoms of vitamin D deficiency

A 
Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults
Bone pain and tenderness
Weakness of proximal muscles
Hypocalcemia
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17
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Antioxidant and formation of collagen

Hydroxylation of procollagen

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18
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin C disease

A

scurvy

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19
Q

What is scurvy characterized by

A

bone disease in growing children and hemorrhages and healing defects in both children and adults

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20
Q

who are at risk for scurvy?

A

Elderly who live alone, alcoholics, infants fed exclusively processed milk

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21
Q

Sources of Vitamin C

A

Fruits and veggies

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22
Q

Symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency

A 
Weakness, easy fatigue
Aching bones, joints, muscles, 
Acne
Defects of hairs on body
Easy bruising 
Loss of teeth
23
Q

What are the B-complex Vitamins

A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B12 and Folate

24
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

The B complex plus vitamin C

25
Q

What are all the B complex vitamins used for

A

Coenzymes, needs are tied to energy intake

26
Q

What is Vitamin B1 also known as

A

Thiamin

27
Q

What are symptoms of being Thiamin deficient

A 
B1 - Dry beriberi
Wet Beriberi
High output heart failure with tachycardia
Elevated peripheral venous pressure
Edema
Peripheral neuropathy
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
28
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrom

A

A severe mental disturbance caused by thiamin deficiency and often associated with alcoholism

29
Q

Wernicke encepaholapthy

A

Results from acute thiamine deficiency and generally reversible with large doses of Thiamine

30
Q

Korsakoff phsychosis

A

permanet brain damage unaffected by Thiamine supplementation. Loss of memory for distant events and inability to form new memories

31
Q

Another name for Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

32
Q

What are sources of Niacin

A

Grain, legumes, seed oils

33
Q

Is there Niacin in corn?

A

Yes, but not the absorbable kind

34
Q

What can vitamin B3 be created from in the body?

A

Tryptophan

35
Q

Deficiency in Vitamin B3 results in what

A

3 D’s

Dermatitis, Dimentia (due to atrophy of neurons in brain), Diarrhea

36
Q

Riboflavin is aka

A

Vitamin B2

37
Q

What are sources of Riboflavin?

A

meat, dairy, vegetables

38
Q

A deficiency in Vitamin B2 results in what?

A

cheliosis, chelitis (cracks and fissures at angles of mouth)
Glossitis
Corneal opacities and ulcerations
dermatitis

39
Q

Pyridoxine is aka

A

Vitamin B6

40
Q

Vitamin B6 Deficiency is common in what pop

A

alcoholics, v rare in general pop

41
Q

Signs of Pyridoxine deficiency

A

peripheral neuropathy, cheilitis, glossitis, dermatitis

42
Q

What is megaloblastic anemia?

A

Anemia with abnormally large RBCs due to an impairment of DNA synthesis that leads to ineffective hematopoeisis and abnormally large erythroid precursors and red cells

43
Q

What are the 2 principal types of megaloblastic anemia

A 
Pernicious anemia (vit B12 def)
Folate deficiency
44
Q

Vitamin B12 aka

A

Cobalamin

45
Q

Whats the most prominent feature of being cobalamin deficient?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

46
Q

What are causes for deficiency of cobalamin?

A 
Inadequate intake (vegetarian)
Impaired absorption
Intrinsic absorption
gastrectomy
tapeworm
47
Q

what are some symptoms of cobalamin deficiency?

A

Pernicious anemia - caused by autoimmune gastritis that impairs prod of intrinsic factor required for B12 uptake form gut

48
Q

What are some other signs of B12 deficiency?

A

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, distal sensory neurotpathy

49
Q

What are some sources of folate?

A

whole wheat flour
beans
green leafy veggies

50
Q

Deficiency of folate is due to

A

Inadequate intake, malabsorption, increased losses

51
Q

Deficiency in folate results in symptoms indistinguishable from what other vitamin deficiency

A

B12

52
Q

Iron deficiency symptoms

A

pallor, increasing fatigue, exertional dyspnea, tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, spoon shaped nails

53
Q

Sources of Iron

A

Meats (heme iron)

Fortified flour, grains

MCM Test 2 (4 decks)

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