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GI Module > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What nutrients are generally absorbed in the stomach (4)

A 
Water 
Alcohol 
Copper 
Iodide 
Fluoride
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2
Q

What nutrients and minerals are absorbed in the duodenum?

A 
calcium 
phosphorus 
magnesium 
iron 
selenium 
niacin 
Folate 
biotin 
Fat soluble vitamins
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3
Q

What is absorbed in the first 1/3 of the jejunum?

A

Lipids
monosaccarides
amino acids
small peptides

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4
Q

What is absorbed in the second 1/3 of jejunum

A 
Thiamine 
Riboflavin 
Niacin 
Folate 
vitamin B6 
Vitamin C 
Fat soluble vitamins 
calcium 
phosphorus 
iron 
magnesium 
zinc 
chromium 
manganese
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5
Q

What is absorbed in the final 1/3 of the jejunum?

A

Lipids
monosaccharides
amino acids
small peptides

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6
Q

What is absorbed in the ileum?

A 
Vitamin C 
Folate 
Vitamin B12 
Vitamin D 
Vitamkin K 
Magnesium
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7
Q

What is absorved in the terminal portion of the ileum?

A

Bile salts and acids

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8
Q

What is absorbed in the large intestine?

A 
Water 
Vitamin K 
Biotin 
Sodium 
Chloride 
Potassium 
Short chain fatty acids
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9
Q

What is the WHO definition of malnutrition?

A

Bad nourishment incluiding an inadequate or excess intake with frequent infection and disorders resulting because of the diet

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10
Q

What is the result of protein-energy malnutrition?

A

Severe loss of lean and fat mass due to calorie and protein deficiency

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11
Q

What are two forms of protein-energy malnutrition?

A

Marasmus and Kwashiorkor

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12
Q

What is marasmus?

A

Muscle wasting with a skeletal appearance and loss of fat and muscle resulting in listless behavior

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13
Q

What is kwashiorhor?

A

Protein deficiency leading to pot belly edema

Malnutrition
Edema (hypoalbuminemia)
Anemia
Liver (fatty)

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14
Q

What is a result of deficiency in vitamin A ?

A

Night blindness and xerophthalmia

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15
Q

What is the result of deficiency in vitamin D?

A

Rickets and osteomalacia

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16
Q

What is the result of deficiency in vitamin E?

A

Posterior column and spinocerebellar demyelination (ataxia, dysarthria, peripheral neuropathy)

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17
Q

What is the result of deficiency in vitamin K?

A

bleeding, prolonged PT/INR because of the role in coagulation cascade

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18
Q

What is the pathway of vitamin D synthesis?

A

Cholecalciferol/ergocalciferol –> 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the liver –> 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (Calcitriol) into circulation

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19
Q

What portion of the GI tract is removed in a roux-en Y procedure?

A

Majority of stomach, duodenum and proximal portion of the jejunum

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20
Q

What is the result of a deficiency in thiamine ?

A

Lactic acidosis
Dry/wet beri-beri
Wernicke’s and Korsakoff’s encephalopathy

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21
Q

What vitamin is thiamine?

A

vitamin B1

22
Q

What is a deficiency in niacin?

A

Pellagra - Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death (4D’s)

23
Q

What vitamin is niacin?

A

Vitamin B3

24
Q

What is the result of a deficiency in folate?

A

neural tube defects

25
Q

What vitamin is folate?

A

B9

26
Q

What is the result of a deficiency in cobalamin?

A

macrocytic megaloblastic anemia

27
Q

What vitamin is cobalamin?

A

B12

28
Q

What is the result of a deficiency in vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

29
Q

What is the result of a deficiency in riboflavin?

A

Cheilosis, glossitis

30
Q

What vitamin is riboflavin?

A

B2

31
Q

What vitamin is B5?

A

pantothenate

32
Q

What is the result in a deficincy of pyridoxine?

A

Convulsions, peripheral neuropathy, isoniazid

33
Q

What vitamin is pyridoxine?

A

B6

34
Q

What is the result in a deficiency of biotin?

A

Dermatitis and alopecia

35
Q

What vitamin is biotin?

A

B7

36
Q

What is the result of a deficiency in Zinc?

A

deficiency can be due to diarrhea and result in rash, dysgeusia, and anorexia

37
Q

What is the result of a deficiency in copper?

A

Microcytic anemia and neutropenia

38
Q

What is the result in a deficiency in selenium?

A

Cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle myopathy

39
Q

What is the difference between wernicke and korsafoff syndromes?

A

both are deficinency in B1

Wericke is a acute, emergency where as korsafoff syndrome is a chronic syndrome

40
Q

What is the presentation of wernicke encephalopathy?

A

Acute nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, and ataxia along with confusion

41
Q

What is the treatment of wernicke encephalopathy?

A

give thiamine first, then dextrose to alcoholics to prevent WE

42
Q

What is the presentation of korsakoff syndrome?

A

imparied short term memory loss and confabulation

43
Q

What is the difference between wet and dry Beriberi?

A

Dry beri beri is a symmetrical neuropathy with sensory and motor impairments where wet includes cardiac involvement

44
Q

What is pellagra?

A

Niacin deficiency with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia

45
Q

In what deficiency is hypersegmented neutrophils seen?

A

B12 deficiency

46
Q

What allows for the the absorption of B12 in the terminal ileum?

A

Intrinsic factor

47
Q

What liberates B12 from proteins in the stomach?

A

R factors which are cobalamin binding proteins

48
Q

What are the causes of B12 deficiency?

A

Malabsorption (celiac and liver fluke)
Lack of intrinsic factor
Defective or absent terminal ileum

49
Q

What is the schilling test used for?

A

To determine if a patient has pernicious anemia, however it is performed infrequently due to a lack of radio-labeled cobalt

50
Q

What is the result of iron deficiency?

A

micocytic anemia and pica syndrome (craving ice, dirt, and clay)

51
Q

What is the result of calcium deficiency?

A

Osteoporosis, tetany, and memory loss

52
Q

What is the result of phosphorus deficiency?

A

Osteoporosis, rickets, bone pain and poor appetite

GI Module (6 decks)

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