Nutrition

Question 1

Vitamin __ can not be created by animals, is fat soluble, and is available in grains, vegetables, diary, and meat products.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Vitamin __ deficiency is seen in chronic intestinal disorders or lipid malabsorption syndromes.

Manifestations include….

Diarrhea
Bronchial Obstructions
Eye Lesions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Vitamin ___ or _______ is a co-factor for sugar metabolism, required for acetylcholine synthesis, and is increased during times of increased metabolism (fever, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism)

Answer 3

B1 (Thiamine)

Question 4

________ deficiency is associated with severely malnourished states that present with fatigue, depression, decreased concentration.

You may also see…..

Decreased DTRs
Hoarseness
Ataxia
AMS

Answer 4

Thiamine (B1) Deficiency

Question 5

Vitamin __ or ______ is commonly found in milk, eggs, organ meat, legumes, and mushrooms.

Answer 5

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Question 6

______ deficiency is commonly caused by malasorption and can manifest with cheilosis, glossitis, keratitis, photophobia, and seborrheic dermatitis.

Answer 6

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency

Question 7

Vitamin __ or _____ helps to form part of co-factors NAD and NADP and is commonly found in meat, fish, poultry and leafy greens.

Answer 7

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Question 8

_____ deficiency is primarily seen in populations where corn is the major food source.

This will manifest clinically as anorexia, weakness, numbness, and dizziness.

Answer 8

Niacin (B3) Deficiency

Question 9

What it the triad of prolonged Niacin (B3) deficiency?

Answer 9

1. Dementia
2. Dermatitis
3. Diarrhea

Question 10

Vitamin __ or ______ is a co-enzyme for amino acid and glycogen metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis and is commonly found in fish, poultry, bananas, and rice.

Answer 10

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Question 11

_______ deficiency manifests with irritability, seizures, vomiting, and skin lesions.

Answer 11

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Question 12

______ is a co-factor for enzymes in carboxylation reactions.

Deficiency is unlike as this is widely distributed.

Answer 12

Biotin

Question 13

_______ is used as a co-enzyme in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism.

Answer 13

Folate

Question 14

______ deficiency can result to to malabsorption or increased requirement (ie: sickle cell disease).

Clinical manifestations include….

Megaloblastic anemia
Neural Tube defects
Glossitis

Answer 14

Folate Deficiency

Question 15

Vitamin __ or _____ is a co-factor for essential reaction in lipid and sugar metabolism.

It is absorbed in the ileum after binding to intrinsic factor.

Answer 15

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Question 16

_______ deficiency is commonly seen in patients with Crohn’s disease or vegan/vegetarian diets

Manifestations include…..

Irritability
Development delay / regression
Peripheral neuritis

Answer 16

Cobalamin (B12)

Question 17

Vitamin __ or _____ ____ is important in the synthesis of collagen, involved in neurotransmitter and cholesterol metabolism,, and the biosynthesis of carnitine.

It is commonly found in citrus fruits, berries, peppers, melons, and tomatoes.

Answer 17

Vitamin C (Abscorbic Acid)

Question 18

______ ____ deficiency is associated closely with scurvy and can be seen in the defective formation of collagen in skin, bone, and vessels.

Clinical manifestations include…..

Decreased Appetite
Tenderness in legs
‘Rosary’ formation at the costochondral junctions
Anemia

Answer 18

Abscorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Question 19

How could Vitamin C deficiency be diagnosed?

What would be shown on the above?

Answer 19

XR showing ground glass appearance on the distal end of long bones.

Question 20

Vitamin __ deficiency is a disease of growing bones in children that results in the softening of bones.

This can manifest with….

Rachitic Rosary
Craiotabes

Answer 20

Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets)

Question 21

How is vitamin D deficiency treated?

Answer 21

Sunlight

Supplemental Nutrition

Question 22

_______ deficiency also can result in Rickets and is more common in Africa.

Answer 22

Calcium Deficiency

Question 23

________ is the most common inborn error of metabolism and involves the absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase or its co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin.

Answer 23

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 24

T/F: Phenylketonuria is autosomal dominant

Answer 24

False

Question 25

How does PKU present at birth?

Later on in life?

Answer 25

Normal at birth

Gradually develop profound intellectual disability and many will have an IQ less than 35

Question 26

How does PKU present in infants?

Answer 26

Lighter skin, eyes, and hair (decreases melanin)
Eczema
Musty smell
Spasticity

Question 27

How is PKU evaluated?

What is the goal of treatment?

Answer 27

Mass screening at birth within the first 48 hours

Tx:

Monitor weekly phenylalanine levels, use formula low in phenylalanine and continue at least through childhood/early adulthood as brain is still developing.

Question 28

How is short term enteral nutrition delivered?

Long term?

Answer 28

Short: NG Tube

Long: G-Tube or J-Tube

Question 29

What are complications of enteral nutrition?

Answer 29

Diarrhea

Aspiration

Question 30

_______ nutrition is often given through a peripheral vein and primarily composed of amino acids and dextrose.

Answer 30

Parenteral Nutrition

Question 31

What are complications associated with parenteral nutrition?

Answer 31

Mechanical (regarding catheter placement)
Metabolic (Fluid overload, hyperglycemia)
Infection