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GI > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are convincing risks for oesophageal cancer?

A

Body fat and alcoholic drinks

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2
Q

What are 3 things that increase the risk of colorectal cancer?

A

Red and processed meat, body fat, alcoholic drinks

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3
Q

What are 2 things that decrease the risk of colorectal cancer?

A

Physical activity and high dietary fibre

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4
Q

What can physical activity after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer do?

A

Improve survival and decrease recurrence

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5
Q

What can non-compliance with a gluten free diet cause?

A

Recurrence of symptoms, osteoporosis, infertility

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6
Q

What are the 5 basic principles of behaviour change?

A

Ask, assess, advice, agree, assist

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7
Q

Physical activity reduces the risk of what in terms of GI disease?

A

Constipation, diverticular disease, gallstones, colon cancer

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8
Q

Why is dietary fibre protective against GI cancer?

A

It reduces absorption of carcinogens and decreases pH of colon to reduce growth of pathogenic organisms

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9
Q

What makes red and processed meats bad?

A

They are a source of saturated fats and also form carcinogens when cooked at a high temperature

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10
Q

Haem iron in red meat increases what?

A

Free radicals which damages the lining of the gut

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11
Q

Who qualify as people who need nutritional support?

A

BMI < 18.5
Unintentional weight loss > 10% in the last 3-6 months
Have or are likely to eat nothing in the next 5 days
Poor absorptive capacity and high nutrient loss

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12
Q

What is enteral tube feeding?

A

Nutrient rich feed directly into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum

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13
Q

What is parenteral nutrition?

A

Delivery of IV nutrients

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14
Q

When are oral nutritional supplements given?

A

Dysphagia, IBD, post total gastrectomy, bowel fistulae

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15
Q

What are indications for enteral feeding?

A

Inadequate or unsafe intake of nutrients but with a functional GI tract

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16
Q

Which of Jevity and Osmolite contain fibre and which doesn’t?

A

Jevity- fibre

Osmolite- no fibre

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17
Q

What are indications for parenteral nutrition?

A

People at risk of malnutrition with inadequate or unsafe oral or enteral feeding and an inaccessible GI tract

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18
Q

When is home parenteral indicated?

A

Intestinal failure

19
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

A state of nutrition which causes measurable adverse effects

20
Q

What tool is used to measure malnutrition in the NHS?

A

MUST scoring

21
Q

What is stage 1 of the MUST scoring and what do the results represent?

A

BMI:
> 20 = 0
Between 18.5 and 20= 1
< 18.5 = 2

22
Q

What is stage 2 of the MUST scoring and what do the results represent?

A 
Weight loss:
Less than 5%= 0
Between 5 and 10%= 1
More than 10%= 2
(in the past 3-6 months)
23
Q

How do you work out weight change?

A

Difference/original x 100

24
Q

What does intentional weight loss score on the MUST system?

A

0

25
Q

What is stage 3 of the MUST scoring and what do the results represent?

A

Acute disease- has the patient been acutely unwell and has there been/likely to be no nutritional intake for >5 days?
No= 0
Yes= 2

26
Q

Score 0 on MUST means?

A

Low risk

27
Q

Score 1 on MUST means?

A

Medium risk

28
Q

Score 2+ on MUST means?

A

High risk

29
Q

What are extra ways of measuring height?

A

Ulna length or mid-upper arm circumference

30
Q

What test can be used to give an estimate of body fat?

A

Triceps skinfold

31
Q

What is it sometimes appropriate to avoid in IBD?

A

High fibre, fatty foods ad lactose

32
Q

What are dietary considerations of IBD complications?

A

Anaemia- give IV iron replacement

Osteoporosis- give calcium and vitamin D

33
Q

What is measured annually in Crohn’s?

A

B12

34
Q

Is enteral nutrition used in IBD?

A

Sometimes CD but never UC

35
Q

What is modulin IBD used for?

A

Sole diet or supplement in IBD as it contains a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory

36
Q

Who is modulin IBD first line in?

A

Children, not adults. Considered when medication has failed.

37
Q

Is there evidence for parenteral nutrition in IBD?

A

No

38
Q

What is first line management for IBS?

A

4 week trial of probiotics and check for food intolerances

39
Q

What is second line management for IBS?

A

Low FODMAP diet

40
Q

What is the first line test for Coeliac?

A

IgA tissue transglutaminase test

41
Q

What should be done 6 weeks before testing for Coeliac?

A

Eat gluten

42
Q

What test is done if the TTG test for Coeliac is positive?

A

Biopsy- only diagnostic test

43
Q

How are some children now diagnosed with Coeliac?

A

Genetic screening

44
Q

What should all Coeliac patients be told to avoid?

A

Wheat, barley and rye

GI (17 decks)

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