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Concepts 112 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition

A

Is the study of nutrients and how they are handled by the body as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment

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2
Q

Nutrients

A 
Are biochemical substances used by the body for :
Growth and development 
Activity
Reproduction 
Health maintenance
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3
Q

Macronutrients

A

Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats

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4
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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5
Q

Energy

A

Derived from food consumed and is measured in kilocalories used by the body to carry all voluntary and involuntary activities

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6
Q

Daily energy expenditures

A

The sum of all calories used for:
Physical activity
Maintenance of basal metabolism
Digestion absorption and metabolism of food

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7
Q

Basal metabolism

A

Is the amount of energy required to carry on involuntary activities of the body at rest/energy needed to sustain metabolic activities of cells and tissues

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8
Q

Involuntary activities

A 
Body temperature
Muscle tone 
Producing and releasing secretions 
Peristalsis 
Beating the heart
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9
Q

Factors that increase basal metabolic rate

A 
Growth 
Infection
Fever
Emotional tension 
Extreme temperatures 
Increased level of hormones
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10
Q

Factors that decrease basal metabolic rate

A

Aging
prolonged fasting
Sleep

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11
Q

Ideal body weight

A

In health it is determined by the body mass index BMI a ratio if height to weight in kilograms.

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12
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Simple sugars and starches that re easily stored.
Most abundant and least expensive source if calories in the diet
Quick energy

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13
Q

Carbohydrate metabolism

A

Easiest and quickest to digest

Primary digestion is in the small intestines. Stored in liver then converted to glucose

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14
Q

Functions of carbohydrates

A

Proved energy

Spare protein for tissue repair

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15
Q

Protein

A

Required for the formation of all body structures including genes, enzymes, muscles, bone matrix, skin and blood

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16
Q

Complete protein

A

Any food that contains animal proteins or animal protein by products ex: eggs dairy meats

17
Q

What are proteins composed of

A

22 amino acids
9 essential amino acids obtained from diet
13 remaining can e mad by body If the 9 are present

18
Q

Incomplete protein

A

Plant proteins, absent in one or more amino acids

19
Q

Protein metabolism

A

Broken down in stomach and small intestines by pancreatic and intestinal enzymes.

20
Q

Anabolism

A

The building of new tissue

21
Q

Catabolism

A

Destruction or breakdown if tissue

22
Q

Neutral nitrogen balance

A

Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same rate. Nitrogen intake equals nitrogen excretion

23
Q

Positive nitrogen balance

A

More intake than excretion of nitrogen

24
Q

Negative nitrogen balance

A

Excretion of nitrogen Is greater than intake

25
Q

Protein functions

A

Maintain and support new tissue growth
Aids in fluid and electrolyte balance
Production and secretions of hormones
Can be used for energy

26
Q

Fats (lipids)

A

Are insoluble in water- therefore cannot be broken down in the blood

Triglycerides are the predominant form of fat found in food

27
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Found in animal and animal by products

28
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Found in vegetable ate, always liquid at room temp. Oils.

29
Q

Trans fat

A

Hydrogenated by manufactures to keep more solid and stable

30
Q

Cholesterol

A

Only in animal products

31
Q

Metabolism of fat

A

Digested in small intestines, broken by gallbladder enzymes attached to Perrin carried by blood to liver

32
Q

Fat functions

A

Most concentrated source of energy

Delays gastric emptying

33
Q

Micronutrients

A

Regulatory nutrients needed by the body for metabolism of energy nutrients

34
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic compounds needed in small amounts but are essential in diet

35
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C and B complex daily intake necessary

36
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A D E K stored in body daily intake not necessary

37
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
Provides structure within body
Regulates blood process
Calcium, iron, zinc,

38
Q

Water

A

Is 50-60% of adult body weight
Necessary for chemical reactions
More vital than food
Regulates body temp

Concepts 112 (6 decks)

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