Nutrition Flashcards
Nutrition
Is the study of nutrients and how they are handled by the body as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment
Nutrients
Are biochemical substances used by the body for : Growth and development Activity Reproduction Health maintenance
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Micronutrients
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Energy
Derived from food consumed and is measured in kilocalories used by the body to carry all voluntary and involuntary activities
Daily energy expenditures
The sum of all calories used for:
Physical activity
Maintenance of basal metabolism
Digestion absorption and metabolism of food
Basal metabolism
Is the amount of energy required to carry on involuntary activities of the body at rest/energy needed to sustain metabolic activities of cells and tissues
Involuntary activities
Body temperature Muscle tone Producing and releasing secretions Peristalsis Beating the heart
Factors that increase basal metabolic rate
Growth Infection Fever Emotional tension Extreme temperatures Increased level of hormones
Factors that decrease basal metabolic rate
Aging
prolonged fasting
Sleep
Ideal body weight
In health it is determined by the body mass index BMI a ratio if height to weight in kilograms.
Carbohydrates
Simple sugars and starches that re easily stored.
Most abundant and least expensive source if calories in the diet
Quick energy
Carbohydrate metabolism
Easiest and quickest to digest
Primary digestion is in the small intestines. Stored in liver then converted to glucose
Functions of carbohydrates
Proved energy
Spare protein for tissue repair
Protein
Required for the formation of all body structures including genes, enzymes, muscles, bone matrix, skin and blood
Complete protein
Any food that contains animal proteins or animal protein by products ex: eggs dairy meats
What are proteins composed of
22 amino acids
9 essential amino acids obtained from diet
13 remaining can e mad by body If the 9 are present
Incomplete protein
Plant proteins, absent in one or more amino acids
Protein metabolism
Broken down in stomach and small intestines by pancreatic and intestinal enzymes.
Anabolism
The building of new tissue
Catabolism
Destruction or breakdown if tissue
Neutral nitrogen balance
Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same rate. Nitrogen intake equals nitrogen excretion
Positive nitrogen balance
More intake than excretion of nitrogen
Negative nitrogen balance
Excretion of nitrogen Is greater than intake
